a. Nhân 2 vế của S với 3 rồi cộng S và 3S. Rút gọn sẽ ra kết quả

b) A=\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)

   3A=\(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)

3A-A=\(1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)

   2A=\(1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)

vì 2A<1

=> A<\(\frac{1}{2}\)

s=2+2^2+2^3+.....+2^100

s=2.(1+2+2^2+2^3)+......+2^97.(1+2+2^2+2^3)

s=2.15+....+2^97.15

s=15.(2+....+2^97)

=> s chia het cho 15

a=3+3^2+3^3+....+3^20

a=3.(1+3)+......+3^19.(1+3)

a=3.4+.....+3^19.4

a=4.(3+.....+3^19)

vay a chia het cho 4

tìm số tự nhiên n để a= 2n+6/n+1 là số nguyên tố

\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^{101}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3A-A=\left(3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{101}\right)-\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{100}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2A=3^{101}-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{3^{101}-3}{2}< 3^{100}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A< B\)

a. tính A = 3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100

3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^100

3A-A=(3^2+3^3+3^4+....+3^101)-(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100)=3^101-3=3^100

mà B=3^100-1 => A<B

\(A=1+4+4^2+...+4^{99}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4A=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{100}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3A=4^{100}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{4^{100}-1}{3}< \frac{4^{100}}{3}\)

hay A<B (đpcm)

\(2A=2+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+\dfrac{5}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{100}{2^{99}}\)

=> \(2A-A=A=1+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+....+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}\)

Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)

=> \(2B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{2^{98}}\)

=> \(B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)

=> \(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{100}{2^{100}}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)

=> \(A=2-\dfrac{102}{2^{100}}< 2\)

4A = 4 + 4² + 4³ + 4⁴ + .... + 4¹⁰⁰

mà A = 4 + 4² + 4³ + ..... + 4⁹⁹ + 1

4A - A = 4¹⁰⁰ - 1

3A = 4¹⁰⁰ - 1

A = ( 4¹⁰⁰ - 1 ) : 3

mà B/3 = 4¹⁰⁰ : 3 

vì ( 4¹⁰⁰ - 1 ) : 3 < 4¹⁰⁰ : 3 => A < B/3 ( ĐPCM )

2:

\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)

\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

100 - (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... + 1/100)

= (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1) - (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... + 1/100)

             100 số 1                            100 phân số

= (1 - 1) + (1 - 1/2) + (1 - 1/3) + (1 - 1/4) + ... + (1 - 1/100)

= 1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 99/100 ( đpcm)

100 - (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... + 1/100)

= (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1) - (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... + 1/100)

             100 số 1                            100 phân số

= (1 - 1) + (1 - 1/2) + (1 - 1/3) + (1 - 1/4) + ... + (1 - 1/100)

= 1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 99/100 ( đpcm)