Đặt x,y, z lần lượt là số mol của Na,Al,Mg trong m gam hỗn hợp A

m gam A + H2O dư

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

x--------------------x--------->0,5x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

x<------x-------------------------------------->1,5x

=> \(0,5x+1,5x=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)

2m gam A + NaOH

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

2x------------------------------->x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

2y---------------------------------------------->3y

=> \(x+3y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2) 

3m gam A + HCl

\(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

3x--------------------------->1,5x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

3y----------------------------->4,5y

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

3z----------------------------->3z

=> \(1,5x+4,5y+3z=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\) (3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) =>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=\dfrac{7}{60}\\z=\dfrac{2}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(m_{Na}=0,05.23=1,15\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{7}{60}.27=3,15\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2}{15}.24=3,2\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m=1,15+3,15+3,2=7,5\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{1,15}{7,5}.100=15,33\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{3,15}{7,5}.100=42\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,2}{7,5}.100=42,67\%\)

\(2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O\rightarrow2NaAlO2+3H2\left(2\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2\left(3\right)\)

\(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H2\left(4\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl2+H2\left(5\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Na}=4,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=7,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(5\right)}=1-0,4-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=12\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=12+4,6+7,2=23,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23,8}.100\%=19,33\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7,2}{23,8}.100\%=30,25\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=100-19,33-30,25=50,42\%\)

Chúc bạn học tốt

Thiếu đề thì phải

a. Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Zn và Fe

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl₂ + H₂ (1)

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂ (2)

Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₂₎: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\)

Theo đề, ta có:

136x + 127y = 52,6 (*)

65x + 56y = 24,2 (**)

Từ (*) và (**), ta có HPT:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}136x+127y=52,6\\65x+56y=24,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> x = 0,2, y = 0,2

Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₂₎: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(lít\right)\)

Do mik gọi x, y khác bn đấy

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Zn\end{matrix}\right.+HCl\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3\\ZnCl_2\end{matrix}\right.+H_2\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố H:

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2.\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3\\ZnCl_2\end{matrix}\right.+AgNO_3\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\left(NO_3\right)_3\\Zn\left(NO_3\right)_3\end{matrix}\right.+AgCl\downarrow\)

Bào toàn nguyên tố Cl:

\(n_{AgCl}=n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=m_{AgCl}=0,6.143,5=86,1\left(g\right)\)

\(a.2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{150}.100=14,6\%\\ c.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Bảotòannguyêntố\left(H\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Bảotoànkhốilượng:m_{H_2}+m_{oxit}=m_{Fe}+m_{H_2O}\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,3.2+17,4-0,3.18=12,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\ Tabiết:Oxitsắtlàbaogồm:Fe,O\\ \Rightarrow m_O=17,4-12,6=4,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_O=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ GọiCToxitsắtlà:Fe_xO_y\left(x,y>0,x,ynguyên\right)\\ Tacó:x:y=0,225:0,3=3:4\\ VậyCToxitsắtcầntìmlàFe_3O_4\)

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 11,1 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a----------------------->1,5a

           Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           b------------------------>b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,3 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\%=24,32\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11,1}.100\%=75,68\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot3=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(0.1........0.3..........................0.15\)

\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.15\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)

n_Mg = 0,1(mol)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ +H₂

n_Mg = n_MgCl2= n_H2 = 0,1(mol)

=> m_muối = 9,5(g) 

_VH2 = 2,24(l)

b) CM_HCl = 0,2/0,1=2(M)