Đáp án A

Cho Mg và Ag tác dụng với HCl chỉ có Mg phản ứng.

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

a. PTHH:

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂ (1)

Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂ (2)

b. Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Fe và Mg

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₂₎: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=0,25\) (*)

Theo đề, ta lại có: 56x + 24y = 8,25 (**)

Từ (*) và (**), ta có HPT:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,25\\56x+24y=8,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,07\\y\approx0,18\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(m_{Fe}=0,07.56=3,92\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\%_{m_{Fe}}=\dfrac{3,92}{8,25}.100\%=47,52\%\)

\(\%_{m_{Mg}}=100\%-47,52\%=52,48\%\)

a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      x                                 x    

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      y                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)

b,

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,3     0,6                             

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,2     0,4

n_HCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{NO}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol Fe, Mg là a, b (mol)

=> 56a + 24b = 9,2 (1)

Fe⁰ - 3e --> Fe⁺³

a-->3a

Mg⁰ - 2e --> Mg⁺²

b-->2b

N⁺⁵ + 3e --> N⁺²

         0,6<--0,2

Bảo toàn e: 3a + 2b = 0,6 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,15 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{9,2}.100\%=60,87\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{9,2}.100\%=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a)n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a +27b = 5,1(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,1 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% = 44,44\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% -44,44\% = 55,56\%\\ b) n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,1.133,5 = 13,35(gam)\\ c)n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Al} = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65\%} = 500(gam)\)

\(m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,1 + 500 - 0,25.2 = 504,6(gam)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{9,5}{504,6}.100\% = 1,89\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{13,35}{504,6}.100\% = 2,65\%\)