\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_X=64a+56b+27b=35.7\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21.84}{22.4}=0.975\left(mol\right)\)

\(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuCl_2\)

\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)

\(Al+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}AlCl_3\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=a+1.5b+1.5c=0.975\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(n_{hh}=ka+kb+kc=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=kb+k\cdot1.5c=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-0.25b-0.875c=0\left(3\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right):a=0.3,b=0.15,c=0.3\)

\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.3\cdot64}{35.7}\cdot100\%=53.78\%\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.15\cdot56}{35.7}\cdot100\%=23.52\%\)

\(\text{%Al=22.7%}\)

Gọi số mol Mg, Fe, Al là a, b, c

=> 24a + 56b + 27c = 23,8

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂ 

            a------------------------->a

            Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            b------------------------->b

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ 

            c------------------------->1,5c

=> a + b + 1,5c = \(\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + Cl₂ --t^o--> MgCl₂

             a-->a

            2Fe + 3Cl₂ --t^o--> 2FeCl₃

             b--->1,5b

             2Al + 3Cl₂ --t^o--> 2AlCl₃

             c--->1,5c

=> \(a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

=> a = 0,3; b = 0,2; c = 0,2

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1         2             1           1

        a                                     1a

     \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

       1          2             1            1

       b                                       1b

Gọi a là số mol của Fe

      b là số mol của Mg

\(m_{Fe}+m_{Mg}=8\left(g\right)\)

⇒ \(n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}+n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}=8g\)

 ⇒ 56a + 24b = 8g (2)

Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,2(2)

Từ (1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình : 

       56a + 24b = 8g

        1a + 1b = 0,2

      ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{5,6.100}{8}=70\)⁰/₀
⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{2,4.100}{8}=30\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      x                                     x

PTHH: Mg + 2HCI → MgCl₂ + H₂
Mol:      y                                      y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=8\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{8}=70\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-70=30\%\)

a) nCl2=7,28/22,4=0,325(mol)

=> mCl2=0,325.71=23,075(mol)

=> m(muối)= m(hh)+ mCl2= 10,45+23,075=33,525(g)

b) PTHH: 2 Al + 3 Cl2 -to-> 2 AlCl3

a__________1,5a(mol)

Cu + Cl2 -to-> CuCl2

b___b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+64b=10,45\\1,5a+b=0,325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mCu=0,1.64=6,4(g)

=>%mCu= (6,4/10,45).100=61,244%

=>%mAl=38,756%

Sửa: $V_{H_2}=7,168(l)$

$a\bigg)$

Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$

$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$

$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,168}{22,4}=0,32(mol)$

$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$

BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,32(2)$

BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$

Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to x=0,12(mol);y=0,08(mol);z=0,08(mol)$

$\to \begin{cases} \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{9,52}.100\%=30,25\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,08.56}{9,52}.100\%=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100-47,06-30,25=22,69\% \end{cases}$

$b\bigg)$

Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,64(mol)$

$\to C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,64}{0,2}=3,2M$

$\to a=3,2$

$c\bigg)$

Dung dịch sau gồm $MgCl_2,FeCl_2,AlCl_3$

Bảo toàn $Mg,Al,Fe:n_{MgCl_2}=0,12(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,08(mol)$

$\to C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,2}=0,6M$

$\to C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,2}=0,4M$

$a\bigg)$

Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$

$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$

$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,336}{22,4}=0,64(mol)$

$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$

BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,64(2)$

BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$

Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to$ nghiệm âm, xem lại đề

giúp em vs

Câu 1: 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

 a           a                a           a

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

 2b          3b               b                 3b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)

\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)

\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)

Câu 2:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

a            a              a             a

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

b           b                 b         b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)

\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)

Câu 3: 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)

\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)

a           a              a             a

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

b          b                 b             b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)

\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)