Trước hết xoá \(\frac{2x}{a^2-a+1}\)ở 2 vế. Nếu \(\frac{a}{a+1}>0\left(a< -1;a>0\right)\)thì \(x< \frac{a}{4}\). Nếu \(\frac{a}{a+1}< 0\left(-1< a< 0\right)\)thì \(x>\frac{a}{4}\)

\(ĐKXĐ:a\ne-1\)

\(\frac{2x}{a^2-a+1}-\frac{1}{2a+2}< \frac{4x-1}{2a^2-2a+2}+\frac{a-2ax}{1+a^3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{a^2-a+1}-\frac{1}{2a+2}< \frac{2x}{a^2-a+1}-\frac{1}{2a^2-2a+2}+\frac{a}{1+a^3}-\frac{2ax}{1+a^3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2a+2}-\frac{1}{2a^2-2a+2}+\frac{a}{1+a^3}>\frac{2ax}{1+a^3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-a+1-a-1+2a}{2\left(a^3+1\right)}>\frac{2ax}{1+a^3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{2\left(1+a^3\right)}>\frac{4ax}{2\left(1+a^3\right)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4ax}{a+1}< \frac{a^2}{a+1}\)

* Nếu \(\frac{a}{a+1}>0\)(tức là a < -1 hoặc a > 0) thì \(x< \frac{a}{4}\)

* Nếu \(\frac{a}{a+1}< 0\)(tức là -1 < a < 0) thì \(x>\frac{a}{4}\)

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\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{a^2-a+1}+\dfrac{-4x}{2a^2-2a+2a^2}+\dfrac{2ax}{1+a^3}< \dfrac{1}{2a+2}-\dfrac{1}{2a^2-2a+2}+\dfrac{a}{1+a^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2}{a^2-a+1}-\dfrac{4}{2a^2-2a+2}+\dfrac{2a}{1+a^3}\right).x< \left(\dfrac{1}{2a+2}-\dfrac{1}{2a^2-2a+2}+\dfrac{a}{1+a^3}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2a}{1+a^3}\right)x< \dfrac{\left(a^2-a+1\right)-\left(a+1\right)+2a}{2.\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2}{1+a^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2a}{1+a^3}\right)x< \dfrac{a^2}{2.\left(1+a^3\right)}\)

\(a=0\Rightarrow vo...N_o\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2a}{a^3+1}>0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a< -1\\a>0\end{matrix}\right.\\x< \dfrac{a^2}{2\left(a^3+1\right)}:\dfrac{2a}{\left(a^3+1\right)}=\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2a}{a^3+1}< 0\Rightarrow-1< a< 0\\x>\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x^2\left(x+2a\right)-\left(a+1\right)^2\left(x+2a\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2a\right)\left[x^2-\left(a+1\right)^2\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+a+1\right)\left(x-a-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2a\\x=-a-1\\x=a+1\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Pt đã cho luôn có 3 nghiệm (như trên) với mọi a

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a-1-\left(-2a\right)=a-1< 0\\\left(-a-1\right)-\left(a+1\right)=-2\left(a+1\right)< 0\\\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-a-1\) là nghiệm nhỏ nhất

a) Biến đổi VT . Mẫu chung là ( a + 2b )( a - 2b )

\(VT=\frac{a+2b-6b-2\left(a-2b\right)}{a^2-4b^2}=-\frac{a}{a^2-4b^2}\)( 1 )

Biến đổi VP 

\(-\frac{1}{2a}\left(\frac{a^2+4b^2}{a^2-4b^2}+1\right)=-\frac{1}{2a}\cdot\frac{a^2+4b^2+a^2-4b^2}{a^2-4b^2}\)

\(=-\frac{1}{2a}\cdot\frac{2a^2}{a^2-4b^2}=-\frac{a}{a^2-4b^2}\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) => VT = VP ( đpcm )

b) \(a^3+b^3+\left(\frac{b\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)=\left(\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)^3\)

<=> \(b^3+\left(\frac{b\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)^3=\left(\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)-a^3\)( * )

Biến đổi VT của ( * ) ta có :

\(VT=\left[b+\frac{b\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right]\left[b^2-\frac{b^2\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}+\frac{b^2\left(2a^3+b^3\right)^2}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}\right]\)

\(=\frac{3a^3b}{a^3-b^3}\cdot\frac{3a^6b^2+3a^3b^5+3b^8}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{9a^3b^3}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^3}\left(a^6+a^3b^3+b^6\right)\)( 1 )

\(VP=\left[\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}-a\right]\left[\frac{a^2\left(a^3+2b^3\right)^2}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}+\frac{a^2\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}+a^2\right]\)

\(=\frac{3ab^3}{a^3-b^3}\cdot\frac{3a^8+3a^5b^3+3a^2b^6}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{9a^3b^3}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^3}\left(a^6+a^3b^3+b^6\right)\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) => VT = VP => ( * ) đúng 

=> Hằng đẳng thức đúng 

a) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \pi \) nên \(\cos a < 0\)

Ta có: \({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a  = 1\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{9} + {\cos ^2}a  = 1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}a =  1 - \frac{1}{9}= \frac{8}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \cos a  =\pm\sqrt { \frac{8}{9}}  =  \pm \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)

Vì \(\cos a < 0\) nên \(cos a =-\frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)

Suy ra \(\tan a = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} = \frac{{\frac{1}{3}}}{{ - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}}} =  - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}\)

Ta có: \(\sin 2a = 2\sin a\cos a = 2.\frac{1}{3}.\left( { - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}} \right) =  - \frac{{4\sqrt 2 }}{9}\)

\(\cos 2a = 1 - 2{\sin ^2}a = 1 - \frac{2}{9} = \frac{7}{9}\)

\(\tan 2a = \frac{{2\tan a}}{{1 - {{\tan }^2}a}} = \frac{{2.\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}} \right)}}{{1 - {{\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}} \right)}^2}}} =  - \frac{{4\sqrt 2 }}{7}\)

b) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \frac{{3\pi }}{4}\) nên \(\sin a > 0,\cos a < 0\)

\({\left( {\sin a + \cos a} \right)^2} = {\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a + 2\sin a\cos a = 1 + 2\sin a\cos a = \frac{1}{4}\)

Suy ra \(\sin 2a = 2\sin a\cos a = \frac{1}{4} - 1 =  - \frac{3}{4}\)

Ta có: \({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a = 1\;\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {\frac{1}{2} - {\cos }a} \right)^2 + {\cos ^2}a - 1 = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{4} - \cos a + {\cos ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a - 1 = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow 2{\cos ^2}a - \cos a - \frac{3}{4} = 0\)

\( \Rightarrow \cos a = \frac{{1 - \sqrt 7 }}{4}\) (Vì \(\cos a < 0)\)

\(\cos 2a = 2{\cos ^2}a - 1 = 2.{\left( {\frac{{1 - \sqrt 7 }}{4}} \right)^2} - 1 =  - \frac{{\sqrt 7 }}{4}\)

\(\tan 2a = \frac{{\sin 2a}}{{\cos 2a}} = \frac{{ - \frac{3}{4}}}{{ - \frac{{\sqrt 7 }}{4}}} = \frac{{3\sqrt 7 }}{7}\)