1) 

a) \(\sqrt{2x-4}\) có nghĩa khi:

\(2x-4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\ge\dfrac{4}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\ge2\)

b) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{-7}{4-x}}\) có nghĩa khi 

\(\dfrac{-7}{4-x}\ge0\) mà \(-7< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow4-x\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\ge4\)

2) 

a) \(A=\sqrt{9+4\sqrt{5}}-\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{5}}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2+2\cdot2\sqrt{5}+2^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2-2\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{5}+2^2}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2}\)

\(A=\left|\sqrt{5}+2\right|-\left|\sqrt{5}-2\right|\)

\(A=\sqrt{5}+2-\sqrt{5}+2\)

\(A=4\)

\(B=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{14}-\sqrt{7}}{1-\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-5}{1-\sqrt{3}}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{7}}\)

\(B=\left(-\dfrac{\sqrt{14}-\sqrt{7}}{\sqrt{2}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{3}-1}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}\)

\(B=\left[-\dfrac{\sqrt{7}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}-1}\right]\cdot\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\right)\)

\(B=\left(-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{5}\right)\)

\(B=-\left(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\right)\)

\(B=-\left(7-5\right)\)

\(B=-2\)

\(a) \sqrt{4x^2− 9} = 2\sqrt{x + 3}\)

\(ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow4x^2-9=4\left(x+3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-9=4x+12\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x-21=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{22}}{2}\left(l\right)\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{22}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b)\sqrt{4x-20}+3.\sqrt{\dfrac{x-5}{9}}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{9x-45}=4\)

\(ĐK:x\ge5\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-5}+\sqrt{x-5}-\sqrt{x-5}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-5}=4\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-5}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-5=4\Leftrightarrow x=9\left(tm\right)\)

\(c)\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{9x-9}-\dfrac{1}{4}\sqrt{16x-16}+27.\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{81}}=4\)

ĐK:x>=1

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{x-1}+3\sqrt{x-1}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x-1}=4\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)

\(d)5\sqrt{\dfrac{9x-27}{25}}-7\sqrt{\dfrac{4x-12}{9}}-7\sqrt{x^2-9}+18\sqrt{\dfrac{9x^2-81}{81}}=0\)

\(ĐK:x\ge3\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-3}-\dfrac{14}{3}\sqrt{x-3}-7\sqrt{x^2-9}+6\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{x-3}-\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow(\dfrac{5}{3}+\sqrt{x+3})\sqrt{x-3}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-3}=0\)    (vì \(\dfrac{5}{3}+\sqrt{x+3}>0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\left(nhận\right)\)

b)\(\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{5}}\)=\(\sqrt{9-\sqrt{80}}\)=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{9+\sqrt{9^2-80}}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{9-\sqrt{9^2-80}}{2}}\)=\(\sqrt{5}\)\(-\)\(\sqrt{4}\)=\(2-\sqrt{5}\)

(dựa theo công thức có sẵn từ một quyển sách nâng cao:\(\sqrt{A\pm\sqrt{B}}\)=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{A+\sqrt{A^2-B}}{2}}\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{A-\sqrt{A^2-B}}{2}}\)

c: \(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-6x+9=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-6x-7=0\)

hay \(x\in\left\{\dfrac{3+\sqrt{37}}{4};\dfrac{3-\sqrt{37}}{4}\right\}\)

d: \(=\sqrt{3}+1-6-3\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{15}{2}+\dfrac{5}{2}\sqrt{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{5}{2}\)

a: \(A=\dfrac{-7}{28}\cdot\dfrac{15}{25}=\dfrac{-1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{-3}{20}\)

b: \(B=\dfrac{-5\cdot7}{14\cdot\left(-3\right)}=\dfrac{35}{42}=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

c: \(C=\dfrac{-1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{-1}{5}-\dfrac{3}{25}=\dfrac{-8}{25}\)

d: \(D=\dfrac{-3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}=-1\)

e: \(E=\dfrac{-4}{5}\left(1-\dfrac{15}{16}\right)=\dfrac{-4}{5}\cdot\dfrac{1}{16}=\dfrac{-1}{20}\)

f: \(F=\dfrac{6-7}{4}\cdot\dfrac{4+12}{22}=\dfrac{-1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{8}{11}=\dfrac{-2}{11}\)

a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{12}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=63\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{24}{x-3}-\dfrac{10}{y+2}=126\\\dfrac{24}{x-3}+\dfrac{45}{y+2}=-39\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-55}{y+2}=165\\\dfrac{12}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=63\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+2=\dfrac{-1}{3}\\\dfrac{12}{x-3}=48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{7}{3}\\x=\dfrac{13}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

6:ĐKXĐ: x>=0; x<>1/25

BPT=>\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{5\sqrt{x}-1}+3< =0\)

=>\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+15\sqrt{x}-5}{5\sqrt{x}-1}< =0\)

=>\(\dfrac{18\sqrt{x}-5}{5\sqrt{x}-1}< =0\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{5}< \sqrt{x}< =\dfrac{5}{18}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{25}< x< =\dfrac{25}{324}\)

7:

ĐKXĐ: x>=0

BPT \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2\sqrt{x}+3}>\dfrac{8}{3}:\dfrac{8}{3}=1\)

=>\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2\sqrt{x}+3}-1>=0\)

=>\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-2\sqrt{x}-3}{2\sqrt{x}+3}>=0\)

=>\(-\sqrt{x}-2>=0\)(vô lý)

8:

ĐKXĐ: x>=0; x<>9/4

BPT \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{2\sqrt{x}-3}+4< 0\)

=>\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2+8\sqrt{x}-12}{2\sqrt{x}-3}< 0\)

=>\(\dfrac{9\sqrt{x}-14}{2\sqrt{x}-3}< 0\)

TH1: 9căn x-14>0 và 2căn x-3<0

=>căn x>14/9 và căn x<3/2

=>14/9<căn x<3/2

=>196/81<x<9/4

TH2: 9căn x-14<0 và 2căn x-3>0

=>căn x>3/2 hoặc căn x<14/9

mà 3/2<14/9

nên trường hợp này Loại

9: 

ĐKXĐ: x>=0

\(BPT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{5\sqrt{x}+7}< =-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

=>\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{5\sqrt{x}+7}+\dfrac{1}{3}< =0\)

=>\(\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}+9+5\sqrt{x}+7}{3\left(5\sqrt{x}+7\right)}< =0\)

=>\(\dfrac{11\sqrt{x}+16}{3\left(5\sqrt{x}+7\right)}< =0\)(vô lý)

10: 

ĐKXĐ: x>=0; x<>1/49

\(BPT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}-2}{7\sqrt{x}-1}+6>0\)

=>\(\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}-2+42\sqrt{x}-6}{7\sqrt{x}-1}>0\)

=>\(\dfrac{48\sqrt{x}-8}{7\sqrt{x}-1}>0\)

=>\(\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}-1}{7\sqrt{x}-1}>0\)

TH1: 6căn x-1>0 và 7căn x-1>0

=>căn x>1/6 và căn x>1/7

=>căn x>1/6

=>x>1/36

TH2: 6căn x-1<0 và 7căn x-1<0

=>căn x<1/6 và căn x<1/7

=>căn x<1/7

=>0<=x<1/49

a. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 1$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\frac{3}{2}.\sqrt{9}.\sqrt{x-1}+24.\sqrt{\frac{1}{64}}.\sqrt{x-1}=-17$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\frac{9}{2}\sqrt{x-1}+3\sqrt{x-1}=-17$

$\Leftrightarrow -\sqrt{x-1}=-17$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}=17$

$\Leftrightarrow x-1=289$

$\Leftrightarrow x=290$

b. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq \frac{1}{2}$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{9}.\sqrt{2x-1}-0,5\sqrt{2x-1}+\frac{1}{2}.\sqrt{25}.\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{49}.\sqrt{2x-1}=24$

$\Leftrightarrow 3\sqrt{2x-1}-0,5\sqrt{2x-1}+2,5\sqrt{2x-1}+7\sqrt{2x-1}=24$
$\Leftrightarrow 12\sqrt{2x-1}=24$

$\Leftrihgtarrow \sqrt{2x-1}=2$

$\Leftrightarrow x=2,5$ (tm)

c. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 2$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{36}.\sqrt{x-2}-15\sqrt{\frac{1}{25}}\sqrt{x-2}=4(5+\sqrt{x-2})$

$\Leftrightarrow 6\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{x-2}=20+4\sqrt{x-2}$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-2}=-20< 0$ (vô lý)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

d. ĐKXĐ: $x>\frac{-2}{3}$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{9}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}+\sqrt{16}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}-5\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}\sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}=1$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}-\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}+4\sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}-\frac{5}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}=1$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1}{3x+2}}=1$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{3x+2}=1$

$\Leftrightarrow 3x+2=1$

$\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{3}$

4 , Ta có :

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3x-9}{x-9}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{x-9}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{x-9}-\dfrac{3\left(x-3\right)}{x-9}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-3\sqrt{x}+2x+6\sqrt{x}-3x+9}{x-9}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+9}{x-9}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)

2 , Ta có :

\(\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}-\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1-x\sqrt{x}+x+\sqrt{x}-1}{x-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

1: \(=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-\left(3\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)-\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-9\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}+6-2x+2\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)

3: \(=\dfrac{x-1-4\sqrt{x}+4+1}{x-1}\cdot\dfrac{x-1}{x-2\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-4\sqrt{x}+4}{x-2\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}}\)

a) Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{9}{25}-2\cdot18\right):\left(3\dfrac{4}{5}+0.2\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{9}{25}-36\right):\left(\dfrac{19}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{9}{25}-\dfrac{900}{25}\right):\dfrac{20}{5}\)

\(=\dfrac{-891}{25}\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=-\dfrac{891}{100}\)

b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot19\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot33\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{58}{3}+\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{100}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{58}{8}+\dfrac{100}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{158}{8}=\dfrac{79}{4}\)

c) Ta có: \(15\cdot\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2-\dfrac{7}{3}\)

\(=15\cdot\dfrac{4}{9}-\dfrac{7}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{20}{3}-\dfrac{7}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{13}{3}\)

d) Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{64}-\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{25}}+\left(-1\right)^{2007}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot8-\dfrac{2}{5}-1\)

\(=4-1-\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(=3-\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(=\dfrac{15}{5}-\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{13}{5}\)

e) Ta có: \(\left(-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2:\left(-15\right)-\left(0.45+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\cdot\left(-1\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{25}{4}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{15}-\left(\dfrac{9}{20}+\dfrac{15}{20}\right)\cdot\dfrac{-14}{9}\)

\(=\dfrac{-25}{60}-\dfrac{24}{20}\cdot\dfrac{-14}{9}\)

\(=\dfrac{-25}{60}+\dfrac{28}{15}\)

\(=\dfrac{-25}{60}+\dfrac{112}{60}\)

\(=\dfrac{87}{60}=\dfrac{29}{20}\)

f) Ta có: \(\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)-\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^0+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2:2\)

\(=-\dfrac{1}{3}-1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4}{3}+\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{-32}{24}+\dfrac{3}{24}=\dfrac{-29}{24}\)

g) Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{15}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{20}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{15}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{40}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{55}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2^{55}}\)

h) Ta có: \(\dfrac{5^4\cdot20}{25^5\cdot4^5}\)

\(=\dfrac{5^4\cdot5\cdot2^2}{5^{10}\cdot2^{10}}\)

\(=\dfrac{5^5}{5^{10}}\cdot\dfrac{2^2}{2^{10}}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{5^5}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2^8}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{800000}\)