\(A=\left(1+2\right)+2^2\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{10}\left(1+2\right)=3+2^2.3+...+2^{10}.3=3\left(1+2^2+...+2^{10}\right)⋮3\)

\(A=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{10}+2^{11}\)

\(=\left(1+2\right)+2^2\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{10}\left(1+2\right)\)

\(=\left(1+2\right)\left(1+2^2+...+2^{10}\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+2^2+...+2^{10}\right)\) ⋮3

Lời giải:

$A=(1+2)+(2^2+2^3)+....+(2^{2020}+2^{2021})$

$=3+2^2(1+2)+....+2^{2020}(1+2)$

$=3+3.2^2+....+3.2^{2020}$

$=3(1+2^2+....+2^{2020})\vdots 3$
Ta có đpcm.

Bài 4:

$A+2=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{11}$

$=(1+2)+(2^2+2^3)+....+(2^{10}+2^{11})$

$=(1+2)+2^2(1+2)+....+2^{10}(1+2)$

$=(1+2)(1+2^2+....+2^{10})$

$=3(1+2^2+...+2^{10})\vdots 3$

Vậy $A+2\vdots 3$ nên $A$ không chia hết cho $3$

Bài 5:

$n^2+n+1=n(n+1)+1$
Vì $n,n+1$ là hai số tự nhiên liên tiếp nên sẽ tồn tại một số chẵn và 1 số lẻ

$\Rightarrow n(n+1)$ chẵn 

$\Rightarrow n^2+n+1=n(n+1)+1$ lẻ (điều phải chứng minh) 

\(A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{58}+3^{59}+3^{60}\right)\\ A=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{58}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(3+...+3^{58}\right)\\ A=13\left(3+...+3^{58}\right)⋮13\)

\(M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{17}+2^{18}+2^{19}+2^{20}\right)\\ M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+2^{16}\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\\ M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\left(1+...+2^{16}\right)\\ M=30\left(1+...+2^{16}\right)⋮5\)

Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}\)(có 20 số hạng \(\frac{1}{40}\))\(=\frac{20}{40}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\)

Ta lại có:\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}

Nguyễn Văn Thi ĐPCM là gì???

a: \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{41}\)

=>\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{42}\)

=>\(2A-A=2^{42}-1\)

=>\(A=2^{42}-1\)

b: \(A=\left(1+2\right)+2^2\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{40}\left(1+2\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+2^2+...+2^{40}\right)⋮3\)

\(A=\left(1+2+2^2\right)+2^3\left(1+2+2^2\right)+...+2^{39}\left(1+2+2^2\right)\)

\(=7\left(1+2^3+...+2^{39}\right)⋮7\)

a/

\(a=2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+2^5\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+...+2^{17}\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)\)

Ta thấy

\(2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)=2.15=30\)

\(\Rightarrow a=30+2^4.30+...+2^{16}.30⋮10\)

b/

Gọi tổng của 5 số TN liên tiếp là

n+(n+1)+(n+2)+(n+3)+(n+4)=5n+10=5(n+2) chia hết cho 5

a) P = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁰¹

= (1 + 3 + 3²) + (3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) + ... + (3⁹⁹ + 3¹⁰⁰ + 3¹⁰¹)

= 13 + 3³.(1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + 3⁹⁹.(1 + 3 + 3²)

= 13 + 3³.13 + ... + 3⁹⁹.13

= 13.(1 + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁹) ⋮ 13

Vậy P ⋮ 13

b) B = 1 + 2² + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁰

= (1 + 2² + 2⁴) + (2⁶ + 2⁸ + 2¹⁰) + ... + (2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁸ + 2²⁰²⁰)

= 21 + 2⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴) + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴)

= 21 + 2⁶.21 + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.21

= 21.(1 + 2⁶ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶) ⋮ 21

Vậy B ⋮ 21

c) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰

= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)

= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)

= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30

= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)

= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

d) A = 1 + 4 + 4² + ... + 4⁹⁸

= (1 + 4 + 4²) + (4³ + 4⁴ + 4⁵) + ... + (4⁹⁷ + 4⁹⁸ + 4⁹⁹)

= 21 + 4³.(1 + 4 + 4²) + ... + 4⁹⁷.(1 + 4 + 4²)

= 21 + 4³.21 + ... + 4⁹⁷.21

= 21.(1 + 4³ + ... + 4⁹⁷) ⋮ 21

Vậy A ⋮ 21

e) A = 11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + ... + 11 + 1

= (11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + 11⁶ + 11⁵) + (11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1)

= 11⁵.(11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1) + 16105

= 11⁵.16105 + 16105

= 16105.(11⁵ + 1)

= 5.3221.(11⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5