a. \(x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4y^2+z^2-2x-12y+4z+14=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)+\left(z^2+4z+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(2y-3\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z+2\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2y-3=0\\z+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b. \(x^2+3y^2+2z^2-2x+12y+4z+15=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+3\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+2\left(z^2+2z+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+3\left(y+2\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+2=0\\z+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+4y^2+z^2-2x-12y+4z+14=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)+\left(z^2+4z+4\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\)

Ta có : \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x-1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)

             \(\left(2y-3\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow2y-3=0\Rightarrow2y=3\Rightarrow y=\frac{3}{2}\)

              \(\left(z+2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow z+2=0\Rightarrow z=-2\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=1;y=\frac{3}{2};z=-2\)

Ta có:

x²+4y²+z²-2x-12y-4z-14=0

x²-2x+1+z²-4z+4+4y²-12y+9=0

(x-1)²+(z-2)²+(2y-3)²=0

Tổng 3 số không âm bằng 0

<=> x-1=0 và z-2=0 và 2y-3=0

<=> x=1 và z=2 và y=3/2

X^2 -2x +1 + (2y)^2 + 12y + 9 +z^2 +4z +4=0

<=> (x - 1)^2 + (2x + 3)^2 + (z+2)^2= 0

<=> x=1, y= -3/2 z=-2

Lời giải:

$x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2+4y^2+z^2-2x-12y+4z+14=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(4y^2-12y+9)+(z^2+4z+4)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(2y-3)^2+(z+2)^2=0$

Vì $(x-1)^2\geq 0; (2y-3)^2\geq 0; (z+2)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$

Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:

$(x-1)^2=(2y-3)^2=(z+3)^2=0$

$\Rightarrow x=1; y=\frac{3}{2}; z=-3$

Bài 3 :

\(x=3y=2z\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{y}{\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{z}{\frac{1}{2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{2}=\frac{3y}{1}=\frac{4z}{2}=\frac{2x-3y+4z}{2-1+2}=\frac{k}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{k}{3}\)

     \(y=\frac{k}{3}.\frac{1}{3}=\frac{k}{9}\)

     \(z=\frac{k}{3}.\frac{1}{2}=\frac{k}{6}\)

1) \(x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+4y^2+z^2-2x-12y+4z+14=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1+\left(2y\right)^2-2.2y.3+9+z^2+2.z.2+4=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x

\(\left(2y-3\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y

\(\left(z+2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi z

Mà \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(2y-3\right)^2=0\\\left(z+2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2y-3=0\\z+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\2y=3\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy x = 1 ; y = 3/2 ; z = -2

2) a)

Ta có:

\(103n^2+121n+70\)

\(=103n^2-103n+224n-224+294\)

\(=103n\left(n-1\right)+224\left(n-1\right)+294\)

\(=\left(n-1\right)\left(103n+224\right)+294\)

Vì ( n - 1 )( 103n + 224 ) chia hết cho n - 1

=> Để 103n² + 121n + 70 chia hết cho n - 1

=> 294 phải chia hết cho n - 1

=> n - 1 thuộc Ư(294)

=> n - 1 thuộc { 2 ; -2 ; 3 ; -3 ; 7 ; -7 ; 49 ; -49 ; 6 ; - 6 ; 21 ; -21 ; 147 ; -147 ; 14 ; -14 ; 98 ; -98 ; 1 ; -1 ; 294 ; -294 }

=> n thuộc { 3 ; -1 ; 4 ; -2 ; 8 ; -6 ; 50 ; -48 ; 7 ; -5 ; 22 ; -20 ; 148 ; -146 ; 15 ; -13 ; 99 ; -97 ; 2 ; 0 ; 295 ; -293 }

\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2−18x+4z−6y+20=0

⇔9(x−1)^2+(y−3)^2+2(z+1)^2=0

⇔x=1;y=3;z=−1

b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y−2x+2=0

⇔4(x+y)2+(x−1)2+(y+1)2=0

⇔x=−y;x=1y=−1⇔x=1y=−1

c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy−2x+4y+5=0

⇔(2x+y)^2+(x−1)^2+(y+2)^2=0

⇔2x=−y;x=1;y=−2

⇔x=1;y=−2

⇔(x−1)^2+(2y−3)^2+(z+2)^2=0

\(d,\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)+\left(z^2+4z+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

\(\Rightarrow\)PT vô nghiệm vì 11 không phải là tổng 2 số chính phương