Đáp án đúng : A

\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)\(\uparrow\)

 0.2                                    0.2

\(H_2S+4H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4+4H_2\)

0.2                        0.2          0.8

a. \(n_{FeS}=\dfrac{17.6}{88}=0.2mol\)

\(mdd_{H_2SO_4}=m_X=m_{H_2S}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=0.2\times34+92.3-0.8\times2=97.5g\)

\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.2\times98\times100}{97.5}=20,1\%\)

b. \(\dfrac{1}{2}dd_X\Rightarrow n_X=0.1mol\)

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

  0.2              0.1

\(mdd_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0.2\times40\times100}{20}=40g\)

PTHH: \(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}xFe+yH_2O\)  (1)

            \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_O=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(n_{Fe}:n_O=x:y=0,02:0,03=2:3\)

\(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của oxit là Fe₂O₃  

b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{300\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}-2n_{H_2}=0,56\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=0,02\cdot56+300-0,02\cdot2=301,08\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot127}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx0,84\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,56\cdot36,5}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx6,79\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

n HCl = 300.7,3%/36,5 = 0,6(mol)

n H2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02(mol)

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$

n HCl > 2n H2 nên HCl dư

$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = 0,02(mol)$

$H_2 + O_{oxit} \to H_2O$

n O(oxit) = n H2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03(mol)

Ta có : 

n Fe : n O =0,02 : 0,03 = 2 : 3

Vậy oxit là $Fe_2O_3$

b)

m dd = 0,02.56 + 300  -0,02.2 = 301,08(gam)

n HCl dư = 0,6 - 0,02.2 = 0,56(mol)

n FeCl2 = n Fe = 0,02(mol)

Vậy :

C% HCl = 0,56.36,5/301,08  .100% = 6,8%

C% FeCl2 = 0,02.127/301,08  .100% = 0,84%

CTHH: Fe_xO_y

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe_xO_y + yH₂ --t^o--> xFe + yH₂O

              \(\dfrac{0,2}{x}\)<---------------0,2

            Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           0,2<-------------------0,2

=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=56x+16y=\dfrac{16}{\dfrac{0,2}{x}}=80x\)

=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) => CTHH: Fe₂O₃

C1 : 

- Hòa tan hh vào dd HCl : 

Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2 

Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2 

X : MgCl2 , FeCl2 , HCl dư 

Y : Cu 

Z : H2 

- Dung dịch X + NaOH : 

MgCl2 + 2NaOH => Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl

FeCl2 + 2NaOH => Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl 

Kết tủa T : Mg(OH)2 , Fe(OH)2 

- Nung T : 

Mg(OH)2 -to-> MgO + H2O 

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 -to-> 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O

Chất rắn : MgO , Fe2O3

C2:

Đặt : nCl2 = x (mol) , nO2 = y (mol) 

nA = x + y = 0.6 (mol) (1) 

m_Cl2 + m_O2 = 48.15 - 19.2 = 28.95 (g) 

=> 71x + 32y = 28.95 (2) 

(1),(2) : 

x = 0.25 , y = 0.35 

Đặt : nMg = a (mol) , nAl = b (mol) 

Mg => Mg+2 + 2e 

Al => Al+3 + 3e 

Cl2 + 2e => 2Cl-1 

O2 + 4e => 2O2- 

BT e : 

2a + 3b = 0.25*2 + 0.35*4 = 1.9 

mB = 24a + 27b = 19.2 

=> a = 0.35 

b = 0.4 

%Mg = 0.35*24/19.2 * 100% = 43.75%

Giả sử có u (mol) Fe

TN1:

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            u--------------------->u

=> \(n_{H_2}=u\left(mol\right)\)

TN2: 
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H₂SO₄ --> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3SO₂ + 6H₂O

               u------------------------------>1,5u

=> \(n_{SO_2}=1,5u\left(mol\right)\)

Có: \(\dfrac{V_{SO_2}}{V_{H_2}}=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{n_{H_2}}=\dfrac{1,5u}{u}=1,5\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=1,5.3,36=5,04\left(l\right)\)

TN3:

PTHH: Fe + 4HNO₃ --> Fe(NO₃)₃ + NO + 2H₂O

              u-------------------------->u

=> \(n_{NO}=u\left(mol\right)\)

Có: \(\dfrac{V_{NO}}{V_{H_2}}=\dfrac{n_{NO}}{n_{H_2}}=\dfrac{u}{u}=1\Rightarrow V_{NO}=3,36\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

0,2-->0,4----->0,2------->0,2

a

\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b

\(CM_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

c

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

0,2------>0,4

\(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\:\right)=n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)