1) \(A=x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)

Do \(x+y=1\)nên \(A=1-2xy\)

Xài Cosi ngược: \(2xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow A=1-2xy\ge1-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{1}{2}\). Vậy Min A = 1/2. Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\).

1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Dự đoán dấu "=" và chọn điểm rơi phù hợp để áp dụng bất đẳng thức Trung bình cộng - Trung bình nhân

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0=>x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0=>x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+xy\ge5xy\\2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+xy\ge-3xy\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\ge5xy\\1\ge-3xy\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{3}\le xy\le\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Ta có:

P=\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4x^2y^2+2+\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)

P= \(\dfrac{2\left(1-xy\right)^2}{4}-4\left(xy\right)^2+2+\left(\dfrac{1-xy}{2}+2xy\right)\)

=\(\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-2xy+1}{2}-4\left(xy\right)^2+2+\dfrac{3xy}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đặt t = xy => \(-\dfrac{1}{3}\le t\le\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Ta có : 

P= \(\dfrac{-7t^2}{2}+\dfrac{t}{2}+3=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(t-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)^2+\dfrac{169}{56}\)

Ta có: \(-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{14}\le t-\dfrac{1}{14}\le\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{14}\)

<=>\(-\dfrac{17}{42}\le t-\dfrac{1}{14}\le\dfrac{9}{70}\)

=> 0\(\le\left(t-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)^2\le\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\)

\(\dfrac{169}{56}\ge P\ge\dfrac{169}{56}-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\)

Max P= \(\dfrac{169}{56}\) => t = 1/14 => \(xy=\dfrac{1}{14}\rightarrow x^2+y^2=\dfrac{13}{14}\) => x,y=...

Min P=\(\dfrac{169}{56}-\dfrac{7}{6}\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\) <=> \(t=xy=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

<=> x=-y=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) 

1/

\(S=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{x+y}=\dfrac{9}{1}=9\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=9\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{2}{y}\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\y=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

2/

Áp dụng BĐT: \(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}-3\left(x+y\right)\le x^2+y^2-3\left(x+y\right)=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}-3\left(x+y\right)+4\le0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-6\left(x+y\right)+8\le0\)

Đặt \(x+y=a\Rightarrow a^2-6a+8\le0\Rightarrow2\le a\le4\)

\(\Rightarrow2\le x+y\le4\)

\(\Rightarrow S\in\left[2;4\right]\)

\(\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+1}}{\sqrt{x+y+z}}\)

Đặng Viết Thái tử đúng rồi còn mẫu không có căn

\(x = { \sqrt{x^2+1} + \sqrt{y^2+1} + \sqrt{z^2+1} \over x + y+z}\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-y\right)\left(1-xy\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-y+1-xy\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+1\right)^2\left(1-y\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{\left(1+x\right)^2\left(1-y\right)^2}{4\left(1+x\right)^2\left(1+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y^2-2y+1}{y^2+2y+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{4y}{y^2+2y+1}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right)\)

Lại có:

\(\left(y-x\right)\left(1-xy\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(y-x+1-xy\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+y\right)^2\left(1-x\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow-P\le\dfrac{\left(1+y\right)^2\left(1-x\right)^2}{4\left(1+y\right)^2\left(1+x\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1-2x+x^2}{1+2x+x^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{4x}{x^2+2x+1}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow-P\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow P\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right)\)

(Do \(y\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{4y}{y^2+2y+1}\ge0\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{4y}{y^2+2y+1}\le1\Rightarrow...\))