1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

=>\(a=b\cdot k;c=d\cdot k\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)

2: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+b}{bk-2b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+1\right)}{b\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)

\(\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{dk-2d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+1\right)}{d\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)

3: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk-b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b\cdot\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)

\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{dk-d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

4: \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5\cdot bk+3b}{5dk+3d}=\dfrac{b\left(5k+3\right)}{d\left(5k+3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

\(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}=\dfrac{5\cdot bk-3b}{5\cdot dk-3d}=\dfrac{b\left(5k-3\right)}{d\left(5k-3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)

Bài 1:

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Bài 2:

CM vế thứ nhất:

Với $a,b,c,d>0$:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\\ \frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\\ \frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\\ \frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)

CM vế thứ 2:

Xét hiệu \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}-\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{a(a+b+c+d)-(a+d)(a+b+c)}{(a+b+c)(a+b+c+d)}=\frac{-d(b+c)}{(a+b+c)(a+b+c+d)}< 0\) với mọi $a,b,c,d>0$

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự:

\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{b+c+d+a}; \frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c+b}{c+d+a+b}; \frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d+c}{d+a+b+c}\)

Cộng theo vế:

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+d+b+a+c+b+d+c}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)

Ta có đpcm.

Bài 1: 
Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

a: \(\dfrac{a}{3a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{3bk+b}=\dfrac{k}{3k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{c}{3c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{3dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{3k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{3a+b}=\dfrac{c}{3c+d}\)

c: \(\dfrac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+3b}{2\cdot bk-3b}=\dfrac{2k+3}{2k-3}\)

\(\dfrac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}=\dfrac{2dk+3d}{2dk-3d}=\dfrac{2k+3}{2k-3}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\dfrac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}\)