1. Catherine ruled Russia for over 30 years. She made many important changes.
-> Catherine, who made many important changes, ruled Russia for over 30 years.

2. The woman next door is moving next month. I met her for the first time last week.
-> The woman next door, whom I met for the first time last week, is moving next month.

3. Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the world. 
-> Starbucks, which does business all over the world, wants to open new stores in China.

4. I met Julie in the Italian restaurant. She was working as a waitress there.
-> I met Julie in the Italian restaurant, where she was working as a waitress.

5. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many years.
-> The Games International Company, which we have done business with for many years, has just gone bankrupt.

6. Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books. I always attend her lectures.
-> Our professor of psychology, whose lectures I always attend, has written some very interesting books.

7. Jane has decided to go and teach abroad. It will be an interesting experience for her.
-> Jane has decided to go and teach abroad, which will be an interesting experience for her.

8. My two cousins are coming to visit next week. I have seen neither off them for ten years.
-> My two cousins, whom I have seen neither off for ten years, are coming to visit next week.

9. And then Mary walked in. We had been talking about her eariler.
-> And then Mary, whom we had been talking about eariler, walked in.

10. The last time I went to Scotland was in May. The weather was very beatiful then.
-> The last time I went to Scotland was in May, when the weather was very beatiful.

Make a non defining relative clause from the two sentences 

1. Mr. Dean has a long list of misconducts. He had recently been fired 

Mr. Dean, who had recently been fired, has a long list of misconducts

2. The victims are being indetified by the US authorities. Most of them were adults 

The victims are being indetified by the US authorities, most of whom were adults 

3. Naxos is my favorite island. I've visited it several times recently 

Naxos, which I've visited several times recently, is my favorite island

4. The football player doesn't want to talk about his future. His contract finished at the end of the season 

The football player whose contract finished at the end of the season doesn't want to talk about his future

5. Between 2000 and 2005 she wrote three novels. None of them were published

Between 2000 and 2005 she wrote three novels, none of which were published

51. That’s the hotel. We stayed there for our honeymoon.

……That’s the hotel, so we stayed there for our honeymoon .…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

52. I couldn’t find the man. I’d taken his case by mistake.

………I couldn’t find the man because I’d taken his case by mistake    ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

53. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last summer.

……I’ll call the students because I went to London with them last summer.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

54. The tree only grows in the rainforest. This drug is obtained from it.

…The tree only grows in the rainforest, so This drug is obtained from it.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

55. Jeanny phoned me yesterday. I was in conference with my clients then.

…Jeanny phoned me yesterday; nevertheles, I was in conference with my clients      then  .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

56. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high street.

…You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop because It has just opened in the high street   ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

57. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. That’s why she is so angry with him.

…His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason, so That’s why she is so angry with him.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

58. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this weekend.

… We haven’t seen the friends for ten years; nevertheles, They are coming to visit us this weekend .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

59. People often have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time.

…People often have very little money to spend on leisure, so They have a lot of leisure time .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

60. Social media networks are an excellent tool. You can use them to promote your business.

… Social media networks are an excellent tool because You can use them to promote your business.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

51. That’s the hotel. We stayed there for our honeymoon.

……That’s the hotel where we stayed there for our honeymoon.……

52. I couldn’t find the man. I’d taken his case by mistake.

……… I couldn’t find the man who I’d taken his case by mistake.……………

53. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last summer.

……I'll call the students who I went to London with last summer…………

54. The tree only grows in the rainforest. This drug is obtained from it.

…………The tree only grows in the rainforest which this drug is obtained from……

55. Jeanny phoned me yesterday. I was in conference with my clients then.

……Jeanny phoned me yesterday when I was in conference with my clients ………

56. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high street.

……You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop which has just opened in the high street……

57. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. That’s why she is so angry with him.

……His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason that she is so angry with him.…………

58. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this weekend.

…We haven’t seen the friends for ten years who are coming to visit us this weekend.……

59. People often have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time.

……People often have very little money to spend on leisure who have a lot of leisure time………

60. Social media networks are an excellent tool. You can use them to promote your business.

…Social media networks are an excellent tool which you can use to promote your business.……

51. That’s the hotel. We stayed there for our honeymoon.

…That’s the hotel where we stayed for our honeymoon.…

52. I couldn’t find the man. I’d taken his case by mistake.

I couldn’t find the man who I’d taken his case by mistake.…

53. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last summer.

…I'll call the students whom I went to London with last summer…

54. The tree only grows in the rainforest. This drug is obtained from it.

……The tree only grows in the rainforest which this drug is obtained from…

55. Jeanny phoned me yesterday. I was in conference with my clients then.

Jeanny phoned me yesterday when I was in conference with my clients.

56. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high street.

You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop which has just opened in the high street.

57. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. That’s why she is so angry with him.

His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason why she is so angry with him.

58. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this weekend.

The friends who we haven't seen for ten years are coming to visit us this weekend.

59. People often have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time.

People who have a lot of leisure time often have very little money to spend on leisure.

60. Social media networks are an excellent tool. You can use them to promote your business.

Social media networks are an excellent tool which you can use to promote your business.

1. Social media networks are an excellent tool which you can use to promote your business  

2. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop where has just opened in the high street  

3. I'll call the student whom I went to London with last summer

4. That's the hotel where we stayed there for our honeymoon

5. I couldn't find the man whose case I'd taken by mistake 

6. Jenny phoned me yesterday when I was in conference with my clients then

7. This drug is obtained from the tree which only growns in the rainforest 

8. People who often have little money to spend on leisure have a lot often sure time

9. His refusal to tell her truth is the reason why she is so angry with him

10. the friends whom we haven't seen for ten years are coming to visit us tgus weekend 

Exercise 1
Hãy xác định những mệnh đề quan hệ dưới đây là mệnh đề hạn định (Defining
clause) hay không hạn định (Non-defining clause).
1.This is the dress which I bought last week.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
2.The film that I saw yesterday was very interesting.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
3.Hanoi, which is one of the largest cities in Vietnam, is the capital of Vietnam.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
4.The girl who wore a blue dress attracted everybody's attention at the party.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
5.The old man who lives next door is an architect.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
6.This writer, who lives in this luxurious mansion, has just published her third
novel.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
7.The doctor who examined my stomach was very kind.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
8.Tra Giang, who has played the main role in a lot of war films, is a famous Vietnamese actress.

A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
9.Taylor Swift, who is a well-known singer, is only twenty-four.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
10.That is the bee which stung me.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause

LEARN THIS! The third conditional

a We form the third conditional with if + past perfect, would have + past participle.

If I had seen her, I would have offered her a lift.

b We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations and to say how things could have been different in the past.

If you hadn't gone by taxi, you ¹ wouldn’t have arrived (not arrive) on time.

c We often use it to express regret or criticism.

If you ² had left (leave) earlier, you ³ wouldn’t have been (not be) late!

2  She walked carefully becausethe streets were covered in ice,

3 As he is now 17 years ago, he can learn to drive

4  I had to ask for help as I had no idea how it worked

5 Because they had been married for 10 years, they were going to have a party

6 He had to buy the machine abroad since the prices at home were sky high

7 Since That had never met before, "Hello, again," was an odd thing to say

2-d. She walked carefully because the streets were covered in ice.
3-a. As he is 17 now, he can learn to drive.
4-g. I had no idea how it worked as I had to ask for help.
5-e. Because they were going to have a party, all the cakes looked good.
6-c. They had to buy the machine abroad since the prices at home were sky high.
7-f. Since they had never met before, they had been married for 10 years.

2-d
3-a
4-g
5-e
6-c
7-f