Số hạng nào hả bạn? 

Xét khai triển:

\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1x+C_n^2x^2+...+C_n^nx^n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0x+C_n^1x^2+C_n^2x^3+...+C_n^nx^{n+1}\)

Đạo hàm 2 vế:

\(\left(1+x\right)^n+nx\left(1+x\right)^{n-1}=C_n^0+2C_n^1x+3C_n^2x^2+...+\left(n+1\right)C_n^nx^n\)

Thay \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^n+n.2^{n-1}=1+2C_n^1+3C_n^2+...+\left(n+1\right)C_n^n\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{n-1}\left(2+n\right)-1=111\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{n-1}\left(2+n\right)=112=2^4.7\)

\(\Rightarrow n=5\)

\(\left(x^2+\dfrac{2}{x}\right)^5=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^kx^{2k}.2^{5-k}.x^{k-5}=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^k.2^{5-k}.x^{3k-5}\)

\(3k-5=4\Rightarrow k=3\Rightarrow\) hệ số: \(C_5^3.2^2\)

`2^n C_n ^0+2^[n-1] C_n ^1+2^[n-2] +... +C_n ^n=59049`

`<=>(2+1)^n=59049`

`<=>3^n=59049`

`<=>n=10 =>(2x^2+1/[x^3])^10`

Xét số hạng thứ `k+1:`

    `C_10 ^k (2x^2)^[10-k] (1/[x^3])^k ,0 <= k <= 10`

 `=C_10 ^k 2^[10-k] x^[20-5k]`

Số hạng chứa `x_5` xảy ra `<=>20-5k=5<=>k=3`

Với `k=3` thì số hạng cần tìm là: `C_10 ^3 2^[10-3] x^5=15360 x^5`

Với k \(\in\)N* ; ta có : \(kC_n^k=k.\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-k\right)!k!}=\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-k\right)!\left(k-1\right)!}=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)!}{\left[n-1-\left(k-1\right)\right]!\left(k-1\right)!}=nC_{n-1}^{k-1}\)

Khi đó : \(C_n^1+2C_n^2+...+nC^n_n\)  = \(\Sigma^n_{k=1}nC^{k-1}_{n-1}\)  

= \(n\left(C_{n-1}^0+C_{n-1}^1+...+C_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)\)  \(=n.\left(1+1\right)^{n-1}=n.2^{n-1}\) ( đpcm )

Ta có:

\(k.C_n^k=k.\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-k\right)!.k!}=n.\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)!}{\left(n-1-\left(k-1\right)\right)!\left(k-1\right)!}=n.C_{n-1}^{k-1}\)

Do đó:

\(1C_n^1+2C_n^2+...+nC_n^n\)

\(=n.C_{n-1}^0+nC_{n-1}^1+...+n\left(C_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)\)

\(=n\left(C_{n-1}^0+C_{n-1}^1+...+C_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)\)

\(=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(C^n_n+C^{n-1}_n+C^{n-2}_n=37\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-1\right)!}+\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-2\right)!2!}=37\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1+n+\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}=37\)

\(\Rightarrow n=8\)

\(P=\left(2+5x\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^8=\left(2+5x\right).\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^k\right)\)

\(=\left(2+5x\right).\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^k\right)\)

\(=2.\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^k\right)+5x\)\(\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^k\right)\)

\(=2.\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^k\right)+5\)\(\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^{k+1}\right)\)

Số hạng chứa \(x^3\) trong \(2.\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^k\right)\) là \(2C^3_8.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3x^3\)

Số hạng chứa \(x^3\) trong \(5\left(\sum\limits^8_{k=0}.C_8^k.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^k.x^{k+1}\right)\) là \(5C^2_8.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2x^3\)

Vậy số hạng chứa x³ trong P là:\(\left[2.C^3_8\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3+5C^2_8\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]x^3\)