1. It was necessary for her to preapre for the interview but she didn’t

-> She …should have prepared for the interview  …………………………………………………………………………

2. I am sure she was sick yesterday because she didn’t go to school.

->……She could have been sick yesterday because he didn't..………………………………………………………………………

3. It was wrong of you to trust him .

->You were wrong to trust him………………………………………………………………………

4. I am having your brother repaint my house . ( repainted )

=> ................I am having my house repainted by your brother............................................................................................................

5. She phoned him as soon as she arrived at the airport .

=> Hardly ...had she arrived at the airport when I phoned her............................................................................................................

31. Despite the sunny weather, she didn’t go out.

=> Although………the weather is sunny,she didn’t go out. ………………………………………………………..

32. Though the airfare was expensive, we went on holiday to Thailand.

=> Despite…the expensive airfare, we went on holiday to Thailand. ……………………………………………………………..

33. Even though it was snowing, we enjoyed the walk.

=> In spite of.........the snow,  we enjoyed the walk..................................................................................

34. Although the bag was heavy, she managed to carry it herself.

=> Despite…the heavy bag, she managed to carry it herself.……………………………………………………………..

35. Because Clara was ill, her mother didn’t let her go sight-seeing.

=>Due to………Clara's illness, her mother didn’t let her go sight-seeing.………………………………………………………..

36. Though his mother refused to let him go to the party, he went anyway.

=> Despite……his mother's refusal to let him go to the party, he went anyway.…………………………………………………………..

37. Because he worked very hard, he earned a lot of money.

=> Because of……working very hard, he earned a lot of money. …………………………………………………………..

38. Although she is attractive, people don’t like her personalities.

=> Despite……being attractive, people don’t like her personalities. …………………………………………………………..

39. Because my friend was sad, I took her to the shopping mall.

=>…………Because of my friend's sadness, I took her to the shopping mall. ……………………………………………………..

40. Although there wasn’t good music at the party, I was fine with it.

=> Despite…the fact that there wasn’t good music at the party, I was fine with it.……………………………………………………………..

1/ didn't go
2/ is
3/ start
4/ collecting

1. Mary (not go) ………didnt go………………..to school yesterday because she was sick.

2. If it (be)…………is……….sunny, we will go on a picnic.

3. We might not (start)………start………..our dinner until Jack arrives.

4. How about (collect)…………collecting………..old book and clothes?

16)  Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.

>> Because of her sickness, Mary didn’t go to school yesterday 

17)  She went to bed early because she felt tired.

>>Because of feeling tired,  She went to bed early 

18)  Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.

>> Because of her mother's sickness, Margaret stayed at home

19)  I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

>> Because of the difficult test, I couldn’t do the test 

20)   I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.

>> Because of the darkness, I couldn’t read the letter 

21)   I can’t study because it is noisy.

>> Because of the noise, I can’t study 

22)  The train come late because it was foggy.

>> Because of the fog, The train come late 

23)   The train was late because the fog was thick.

>> Because of the thick fog, The train was late

24)  I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.

>> Because of the hot weather, I can’t sleep

25)  All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.

>> Because of his good conduct, All the teacher love him

26)  Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.

>> Because of the traffic accident, I went to school late.

27)  Because there is a  shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.

>> Because of a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.

28)  Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.

>> Because of  a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.

29)  She walked slowly because her leg was injured.

>> Because of her injured leg, She walked slowly

30)  Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.

>> Because of the sunny weather, we decided to go camping.

2. Since/As the wind is strong, I cannot go out Because of …………………………the strong wind, I cannot go out…………………………………. 3. Because she was sick, she didn’t go to work yesterday Because of……………………being sick, she didn't go to school………………………………………. 4. Because they left early, they didn’t eat dinner Due to ……………their early leaving, they didn''t eat dinner………………………………………………. 5. Because there was a strong storm, some house was destroyed Owing to the fact that ………there was a strong storm, some house was destroyed …………………………………

I. Combine each pair of sentences, using the given words.

1) Lan  was sick so Lan couldn’t  go to school yesterday

2) This was such a difficault lesson that They didn’t understand it.

3) The film was so interesting that We wanted to see it  again.(so…that)

4) The weather was too hot for us to sleep well. 

5) The exercise is easy enough for us to do in ten minutes.(enough) 

6) She is so kind that everybody likes her. (so…that) 

7) They are such bad students that they can’t do any exercise. 

8)  It was very difficult but She did the test very well.

II. Rewrite the sentences, using the words provided.

1) You should study harder on your examination.

I suggest that You should study harder on your examination

2) They have had the lesson explained. 

The lesson has been explained

3) It took us two hours to water the flowers.

We spend 2 hours watering the flowers

4) Lan was ill so Lan couldn’t go to the club 

5) Athough the suitcase was heavy , he can carry it.

6) Because the rain was heavy, we couldn’t go on a picnic

7) The food is such delicious that she eats a lot

8) The water was so hot that he couldn’t drink it. 

9) The shirt is nor big enough for me to wear. 

10) The exercise is to difficult for us to do. 

11) It was such an interesting filmthat we watch it many times.

12) Because of his laziness, he failed in the exam. 

13) Despite the long test , he finished it on time. (despite)

14) Nam didn’t go  to school on time since he got up late. (since)

15) IIt take me an hour to travell to work by motorbike.  

16) He will have someone repair his computer. 

His computer will be repaired

17) Jane forgot her umbrella so she got wet

18) You must learn very hard for the exam. 

I didn’t go to the arcade yesterday, and she didn’t. either.

=> I didn’t go to the arcade yesterday, and neither did she

1Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.

Because of.....................................Mary's sickness, she didn’t go to school yesterday ..............

2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.

Because of............................her tiredness, she went to bed early...........

3. Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

Because of.............................having a bad cold, Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty.....................

4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.

Because of..................working hard and methodically, John succeeded in his exam......................

5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.

Because of.........Margaret 's mother 's sickness,,she stayed home..........................

6. I like him because his father is kind to me.

Because of........... his father's kindness to her,  his father's kindness to her..........................

7. I can’t study because it is noisy.

Because of.........................the noise, I can’t study....................................

8. I can’t eat these fruits because they are green.

Because of..............these green fruits,I can’t eat them ..........................

9. The train came late because it was foggy.

Because of.................the fog, The train came late..........

10. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.

Because of.............his good conduct,All the teachers love him.......

11. The train was late because the fog was thick.

Because of..............the thick fog, the train was late....................

12. We stopped our car because the traffic light turned red.

Because of.........the red traffic light,we stopped our car..............

I. Complete the following sentences so that it is closest in meaning to the original one:

1. Sally was ill, so she didn’t go to school yesterday. 

à Because _________________Sally was ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday. _____________________________________________________

2. My friends are keen on going fishing at weekends..

à My friends enjoy __________________________going fishing at weekends.____________________________________________

3. July had a high fever, so she stayed home from school yesterday.

à Because ____________________________July had a high fever, she stayed home from school yesterday__________________________________________

4. Most children are interested in eating fried chicken and French fries.

à Most children enjoy ________________________eating fried chicken and French fries.______________________________________________  

5. It rained heavily, so she was late for work this morning.

à Because _____________________it rained heavily, she was late for work this morning._________________________________________________

6. She is fond of watching TV in the evening.

à She enjoys __________________watching TV in the evening.____________________________________________________

because Sally was ill,  she didn’t go to school yesterday

my friends enjoy going fishing at weekends

because July had a high fever,  she stayed home from school yesterday

most children enjoy eating fried chicken and French fries

because It rained heavily,  she was late for work this morning

she enjoys watching TV in the evening