a) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

           0,4<--0,3<---------0,2

=> m_Al = 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)

b) C1: V_O2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l)

C2: Theo ĐLBTKL: m_O2 = 20,4 - 10,8 = 9,6(g)

=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)=>V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

c) V_kk = 6,72 : 20% = 33,6(l)

nCH4 = 3,2/16 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: CH4 + 2O2 -> (t°) CO2 + 2H2O

Mol: 0,2 ---> 0,4

Vkk = 0,4 . 5 . 22,4 = 44,8 (l)

PTHH: CH4 + Cl2 -> CH3Cl + HCl

Mol: 0,2 ---> 0,2

mCl2 = 0,2 . 71 = 14,2 (g)

Số mol của 12 gam cacbon:

\(n_C=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12}{12}=1\left(mol\right)\)

Thể tích của 1 mol O2:

\(V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=n.22,4=1.22,4=22,4\left(l\right)\)

a) nAl=0,2(mol)

PTHH: 4Al +3 O2 -to-> 2 Al2O3

nO2=3/4. 0,2=0,15(mol)

=>V(O2,đktc)=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)

b) V(kk,đktc)=3,36.5=16,8(l)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{to}2Al_2O_3\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,25}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{4}{2}.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{Al\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b.\%m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\%V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\%n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25-0,15}{0,15}.100\approx66,667\%\)

ở điều kiện thường hay điều kiện tiêu chuẩn đấy bn

đktc bạn

n Al2O3=25,5/102=0,25(ml=ol)

4Al + 3O2 --to-> 2Al2O3

0,5 0,375 <--- 0,25

mAl=0,5.27=13,5(g)

VO2=22,4.0,375=8,4(l)

\(2C_2H_2+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow4CO_2+2H_2O\\ n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{1,3}{26}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{2}n_{C_2H_2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2}=2,8\left(l\right)\\ Vìtrongkhôngkhíchứa20\%O_2\\ \Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{2,8}{20\%}=14\left(l\right)\)

\(\)1.

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)

\(0.8........0.6..........0.4\)

\(m_{Al}=0.8\cdot27=21.6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0.4\cdot102=40.8\left(g\right)\)

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

\(1.2..................................................0.6\)

\(m_{KMnO_4}=1.2\cdot158=189.6\left(g\right)\)

2.

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{28}{22.4}=1.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2P_2O_5\)

\(1......1.25........0.5\)

\(m_P=1\cdot31=31\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{P_2O_5}=0.5\cdot142=71\left(g\right)\)

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(\dfrac{5}{6}................1.25\)

\(m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot122.5=102.083\left(g\right)\)

3)

$m_{CaCO_3} = 200.90\% = 180(gam)$
$CaCO_3 \xrightarrow{t^o} CaO + CO_2$
$n_{CO_2} = n_{CaO} = \dfrac{180}{100} =  = 1,8(mol)$
$m_{CaO} = 1,8.56 = 100,8(gam)$
$V_{CO_2} = 1,8.22,4 = 40,32(lít)$

4)

$CaC_2 + 2H_2O \to Ca(OH)_2 + C_2H_2$
$m_{CaC_2} = 80.80\% = 64(gam)$
$n_{Ca(OH)_2} = n_{C_2H_2} = n_{CaC_2} = \dfrac{64}{64} = 1(mol)$
$m_{Ca(OH)_2} = 1,74 = 74(gam)$
$V_{C_2H_2} = 1.22,4 = 22,4(lít)$