Gọi số mol Na, Zn là a, b

=> 23a + 65b = 14,3 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

- Nếu Zn tan hết

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂

______a-------------------->a---->0,5a

2NaOH + Zn --> Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

__2b<----b-------------------->b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b\le a\\0,5a+b=14,3\end{matrix}\right.\) => Loại 

=> Zn không tan hết => NaOH hết

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂

______a------------------->a---->0,5a

2NaOH + Zn --> Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

_a--------------------------->0,5a

=> 0,5a + 0,5a = 0,1

=> a = 0,1

=> m_Na = 0,1.23 = 2,3 (g)

=> m_Zn = 14,3 - 2,3 = 12(g)

\(n_{H_2}=0,025\)

a) \(Fe+HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

          0,025            ←           0,025             

b) \(m_{Fe}=0,025\cdot56=1,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,4}{3}\cdot100\%=46,67\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-46,67\%=53,33\%\)

Bài 1:

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\) 

Bài 3: 

PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ

\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Theo đề bài: \(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx45,07\%\)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_________________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a   (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_____________________b     (mol)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=14,2-6,4=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx38,03\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-38,03\%-45,07\%=16,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gọi số mol Al, Na trong a gam hỗn hợp là x, y (mol)

=> 27x + 23y = a (1)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

             x---------------->0,5x

            4Na + O₂ --t^o--> 2Na₂O

              y---------------->0,5y

=> 102.0,5x + 62.0,5y = 1,64.a

=> 51x + 31y = 1,64a (2)

(1)(2) => 51x + 31y = 1,64(27x + 23y)

=> 6,72x = 6,72y

=> x = y

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27x}{27x+23y}.100\%=54\%\\\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{23y}{27x+23y}.100\%=46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.1=0,3mol\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

0,1        0,3                        0,15  ( mol )

\(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=9,1.2,7=6,4g\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)

nHCl = 0,3 . 1 = 0,3 (mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Mol: 0,1 <--- 0,3 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,15

mAl = 0,1 . 27 = 2,7 (g(

mCu = 9,1 - 2,7 = 6,4 (g)

VH2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)

Giả sử \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_M=1,5a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> 27a + M_M.1,5a = 6,3 (g) (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

- TH1: Nếu M không tác dụng với dd HCl

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             0,2<------------------0,3

=> a = 0,2 (mol)

(1) => M_M = 3 (L)

- TH2: Nếu M tác dụng với dd HCl

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             a----------------------->1,5a

            M + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂

           1,5a---------------->1,5a

=> 1,5a + 1,5a = 0,3

=> a = 0,1

(1) => M_M = 24 (g/mol)

=> M là Mg

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{6,3}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{6,3}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2

x___________3x______________1,5x(mol)

Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y___2y____y______y(mol)

b) Ta có: m(rắn)= mCu=0,4(g)

=> m(Al, Fe)=1,5-mCu=1,5-0,4=1,1(g)

nH2= 0,04(mol)

Ta lập hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,1\\1,5x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mAl=27.0,02=0,54(g)

mFe=56.0,01=0,56(g)

Sửa đề : 7.5 (g) 

nMg = a (mol) 

nAl = b (mol) 

=> 24a + 27b = 7.5 (1) 

nH2 = 7.84/22.4 = 0.35 (mol) 

Mg + 2H⁺ => Mg²⁺ + H2 

2Al + 6H⁺ => 2Al³⁺ + 3H2 

nH2 = a + 1.5b = 0.35 (2) 

(1) , (2) : 

a= 0.2 

b = 0.1 

mMg = 4.8 (g) 

mAl = 2.7 (g) 

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

a---->1,5a--------------------------->1,5a

Mg + H₂SO₄ ---> MgSO₄ + H₂

b------>b----------------------->b

Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=6,3\\1,5a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{6,3}=42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1,5+0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)

c, đề yêu cầu jv?