Cho a,b,c dương. Biết a+b+c=1
CMR:
(a+1/a)²+(b+1/b)²+(c+1/c)²>33
Cho 3 ssos dương a,b,c có a+b+c=1.
CMR: \(\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2>33\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có :
\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left[\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a+\frac{1}{a}+b+\frac{1}{b}+c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\)
Ta lại có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)(bđt quen thuộc; tự cm)
Nên \(\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}{3}=\frac{10^2}{3}=\frac{100}{3}>\frac{99}{3}=33\)
Hay \(\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2>33\)(đpcm)
Cho a, b, c là các số dương thỏa mãn: a+b+c=1. CMR:
\(\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2>33\)
Bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki
B1: Cho a,b,c thỏa mãn: a+b+c=1. CMR: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
B2: Cho a,b,c dương thỏa mãn: \(a^2+4b^2+9c^2=2015\). CMR: \(a+b+c\le\dfrac{\sqrt{14}}{6}\)
B3: Cho a,b dương thỏa mãn: \(a^2+b^2=1\).CMR: \(a\sqrt{1+a}+b\sqrt{1+b}\le\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
$(a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+1+1)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 1$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{1}{3}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+4b^2+9c^2)(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9})\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 2015.\frac{49}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{98735}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq \frac{7\sqrt{2015}}{6}$ chứ không phải $\frac{\sqrt{14}}{6}$ :''>>
Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$2=(a^2+b^2)(1+1)\geq (a+b)^2\Rightarrow a+b\leq \sqrt{2}$
$(a\sqrt{1+a}+b\sqrt{1+b})^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(1+a+1+b)$
$=2+a+b\leq 2+\sqrt{2}$
$\Rightarrow a\sqrt{1+a}+b\sqrt{1+b}\leq \sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
cho a,b,c>0 cmr (a+1/a)^2+(b+1/b)^2+(c+1/c)^2>33
Cho \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=12< 33\)
Đề sai
Cho a,b,c >0 ,,,,, a=b=c >1
CMR: ( a+1/a)^2 +( b+1/b)^2 +(1+1/c)^2 >33
cho 3 số dương a,b,c. biết a+b+c=3. Cmr
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
sửa lại
\(A=\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có:
\(b^2+1\ge2b;c^2+1\ge2c;a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}+b-\frac{bc^2}{2b}+c-\frac{ca^2}{2a}\)
\(=a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
áp dụng cauchy ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
đặt \(A=\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\frac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\le3-\left(\frac{ab^2}{2b}+\frac{bc^2}{2c}+\frac{ca^2}{2a}\right)=3-\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\right)\ge3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Cho a,b,c dương , a+b+c= 1/a + 1/b + 1/c
CMR a+b+c >= 3abc
Ta có:
\(a+b+c=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ca}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Ta lại có:
\(\frac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{a+b+c}\)
Từ đó ta có:
\(\frac{1}{abc}\ge\frac{3}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\left(DPCM\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a+b+c\(\ge\)3abc(DPCM)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a+b+c\(\ge\)3abc(DPCM)
1) Cho a, b, c ∈ [0;1] và a + b + c = 2. CMR ab + bc + ca ≥ 2abc + \(\dfrac{20}{27}\)
2) Cho a, b, c ∈ [1;3] và a + b + c = 6. CMR a3 + b3 + c3 ≤ 36
3) Cho các số dương a, b, c, d thoả mãn a + b + c + d = 4. CMR \(\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+d^2}+\dfrac{d}{1+a^2}\) ≥ 2
1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
2.
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x+1;y+1;z+1\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z\in\left[0;2\right]\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(P=\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(z+1\right)^3\)
\(P=x^3+y^3+z^3+3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\Rightarrow x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3+z^3=\left(y+z\right)^3-3yz\left(y+z\right)\le\left(y+z\right)^3\\y^2+z^2=\left(y+z\right)^2-2yz\le\left(y+z\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le x^3+\left(3-x\right)^3+3x^2+3\left(3-x\right)^2+12\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le15x^2-45x+66=15\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)+36\le36\)
(Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;3\right)\) và các hoán vị
bài1: Cho a,b,c là các số dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=1
CMR:\(b+c\ge16abc\)
Bài 2: Cho a,b,c là các số dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=1
CMr \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si với hai số không âm, Ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c\ge4a\left(b+c\right)^2\)
Mà \(\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\forall b,c\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow b+c\ge16abc\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=1\\b=c\\a=b+c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{2}\\b=c=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si với 2 số dương ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2,\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2,\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge6\)(đúng)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)(do a+b+c=1)