Đặt \(t=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x};t\ne0\). Ta có:

\(t^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{y^2}+2+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}=t^2-2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=t^2-2-t=\left(t-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{4}\ge-\frac{9}{4}\)

Vậy GTNN của P là:\(-\frac{9}{4}\)khi \(t=\frac{1}{2}\)

P/s Các bạn tham khảo nha

khó thật

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có: 

\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y^2}\cdot\frac{y^2}{x^2}}=2\)

\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}}=2\Rightarrow3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge6\)

Cộng theo vế 2 BĐT trên ta có:\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge2-6=-4 \)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+5\ge-4+5=1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y\)

\(P=\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-3\right)+3\)

Ta có: \(\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge2\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-3\right)\ge-1\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-3\right)\ge-2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-3\right)+3\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)

Vậy \(Min_P=1\)

\(ĐK:x,y>0\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi cho 2 số dương ta có :

P>=\(2\sqrt{\frac{x^2\cdot y^2}{y^2\cdot x^2}}-3\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{\frac{x\cdot y}{y\cdot x}}+5=2-6+5=1\)

Vậy Min P =1 . dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1

\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=1.\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương \(\frac{x^2}{y+z}\)và \(\frac{y+z}{4}\), ta được :

\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y+z}.\frac{y+z}{4}}=2.\frac{x}{2}=x\)  ( 1 )

Tương tự : \(\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\)                                       ( 2 )

                \(\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\)                                          ( 3 )

Cộng ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) và ( 3 ) , ta được :

\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)

\(P\ge\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{x+y+z}{2}=1\) 

Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x = y = z = \(\frac{2}{3}\)

Vậy GTNN của P là 1 \(\Leftrightarrow\)x = y = z = \(\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+x+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+y+\frac{z^2}{x+y}+z=\frac{x\left(x+y+z\right)}{y+z}+\frac{y\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+z}+\frac{z\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y}\)

\(\Rightarrow P+\left(x+y+z\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\)hay \(P+2=2\cdot\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\).Mặt khác \(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+yx}+\frac{z^2}{zx+zy}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Do đó \(P+2\ge2\cdot\frac{3}{2}=3\Rightarrow P\ge1\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{xy+xz}=\frac{y}{yx+yz}=\frac{z}{zx+zy}\\x=y=z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{y+z}=\frac{1}{x+z}=\frac{1}{x+y}\\x=y=z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}}\)

b)áp dụng Bđt cô si

\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y^2}\cdot\frac{y^2}{x^2}}=2\)

\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}}=2\)\(\Rightarrow-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge-6\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge2+\left(-5\right)+5=1\)

Dấu = khi x=y

a)Áp dụng Bđt Cô si ta có:

\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}}=2\)

Dấu = khi \(x=y\)

a) Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\)

\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{xy}\ge2\)

\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(x^2+y^2-2xy\ge0\)

\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(lđ\right)\)