\(n_{H^+}=0,01.1+0,01.2.2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=V\left(2+0,5.2\right)=3V=0,05\Rightarrow V=0,0167\left(l\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

                   a_____3a_______a______\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\)   (mol)

                \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                   b_____2b_______b______b       (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=2,4\left(g\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

                 0,8______0,8

Ta có: \(\left[OH^-\right]=C_{M_{NaOH}}+2C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=2,2\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{OH^-}=\dfrac{0,8}{2,2}\approx0,36\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

a

\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)

0,02<------0,04----->0,02

Xét \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,04}{2}\Rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2.dư\)

\(m_{CaCl_2}=0,02.111=2,22\left(g\right)\)

b

Muốn pứ xảy ra hoàn toàn phải thêm dung dịch HCl 0,2 M

\(n_{HCl.cần}=2n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl.cần.thêm}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{cần.\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,2}=2,8\left(l\right)=280\left(ml\right)\\ V_{cần.thêm\left(HCl\right)}=280-200=80\left(ml\right)\)

c

\(CM_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,3+0,28}=\dfrac{1}{29}M\)

\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)

  0,02<----0,04------>0,02

a

\(m_{CaCl_2}=0,02.111=2,22\left(g\right)\)

b

Muốn pứ xảy ra hoàn toàn thì phải thêm dd HCl 0,2M.

\(n_{HCl.cần}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl.cần.thêm}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\\ V_{HCl.cần.}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,2}=2,8\left(l\right)\\ V_{HCl.cần.thêm}=2,8-0,2=2,6\left(l\right)=260\left(ml\right)\)

c

\(CM_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3+2,8}=\dfrac{3}{31}M\)

1 ) nOH= nNaOH+2nBa(OH)2=0,01+2.0,01=0,03mol 
OH- + H+ ----------->H2O 
0.03-->0.03 
nHCl=nH+ =0.03mol 
=>VHCl=0.03/0.3=0.1l=100ml

2 )  (NH4)2SO4 + 2KOH -(t°)-> K2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O 
0,05______________________________ 0,1 (mol) 
n(NH4)2SO4 = 0,05.1 = 0,05 mol 
V NH3 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 l 

nNaOH=0,025mol

nH2SO4=0,015mol

2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+2H2O

Ta có 0,025/2 <0,015/1 =>H2SO4 dư

Khi nhúng quì tím vào dd thì quì tím chuyển sang màu đỏ

2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+2H2O

0,025     0,0125      0,0125

DD X: H2SO4:0,0025mol

Na2SO4: 0,0125mol

C(H2SO4)=0,00625M

C(NaOH)=0,03125M

3. Cần dùng KOH 1M để trung hòa dd X

H2SO4+2KOH->K2SO4+H2O

0,0025    0,005

V(KOH)=n/C=0,005lit=5ml

1) $n_{NaOH} = 0,015(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,025(mol)$
$2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{NaOH} : 2 < n_{H_2SO_4} : 1$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư

Do đó quỳ tím hóa đỏ.

2)

$n_{Na_2SO_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH} = 0,0075(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,025 - 0,0075 = 0,0175(mol)$

$V_{dd\ X} = 0,15 + 0,25 = 0,4(lít)$

Suy ra : 

$C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,0075}{0,4} = 0,01875M$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,0175}{0,4}  = 0,04375M$

3)

$2KOH + H_2SO_4 \to K_2SO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,035(mol)$
$V_{dd\ KOH} =\dfrac{0,035}{1} = 0,035(lít)$

Đáp án C

C_{M HCl}= (0,2+0,3.2)/0,5= 1,6M

\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)

\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Lập tỉ lệ : 

\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)

\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)

\(b.\)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.001..........0.002\)

\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)

Ta có; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,02.2=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{KOH}=0,01.2=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

pư..............0,04..........0,02..............0,02............0,04 (mol)

PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

pư............0,02..........0,01.............0,01...........0,02 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddH2SO4}}=\dfrac{0,02+0,01}{0,03}=1\left(M\right)\)

Tương tự ta có:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,02.1=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,005.1=0,005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

pư.............0,04.............0,02............0,02............0,04 (mol)

PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

pư............0,005.....0,005.......0,005.....0,005 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{0,04+0,005}{0,03}=3\left(M\right)\)

Vậy......