a/ Biến đổi tương đương:

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy BĐT được chứng minh

b/ \(VT=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1+\frac{d-b}{b+c}+1+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1+\frac{c-a}{a+d}+1-4\)

\(VT=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{c+d}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{a+d}-4\)

\(VT=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+d}\right)-4\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b\right).\frac{4}{b+d+a+c}+\left(c+d\right).\frac{4}{b+c+a+d}-4\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\left(a+b+c+d\right)-4=4-4=0\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)

Bài 1: Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương:

\(VT\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{abc}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{8abc}{abc}}=6\) (đpcm)

Giải phần dấu "=" ra ta được a = b =c

Bài 2: Đặt \(a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z\)

Suy ra \(a=\frac{x-y+z}{2};b=\frac{x+y-z}{2};c=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\)

Suy ra cần chứng minh \(\frac{x-y+z}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}+\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+z}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{2z}+\frac{y+z}{2x}\ge3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}\ge6\)

Bài toán đúng theo kết quả câu 1.

\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{b^2c^2}}\ge\frac{2a}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

2. \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc.ac}{ab}}=2c\) ; \(\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2b\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Câu a : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)

\(VT=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right).9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "\("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Câu b : \(VT=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

Đặt b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z.  Do đó  \(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\). BĐT đã cho tương đương với:

\(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{y+z-x}{x}+\frac{x+z-y}{y}+\frac{x+y-z}{z}\ge3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\ge6\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)\ge6\)(1)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta có:

\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}}=2\). Tương tự ta có  \(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\ge2;\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2\). Cộng từng vế ta có: (1) đúng suy ra đpcm.