\(x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{x^2}.\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y^2}.\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

`x \sqrt{y} - y \sqrt{x}`

`= (\sqrt{x})^2 . \sqrt{y} - (\sqrt{y})^2 . \sqrt{x}`

`= \sqrt{x} . \sqrt{y} . (\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})`

`= \sqrt{xy} . (\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})`

\(=\left(x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}\right)+\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(x-y-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\\ =\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\\ =\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}-1\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\)

\(\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+1\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\)

Lời giải:
a.

\(5+\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{3}+3=(5+5\sqrt{3})+(\sqrt{3}+3)\)

\(=5(1+\sqrt{3})+\sqrt{3}(1+\sqrt{3})=(1+\sqrt{3})(5+\sqrt{3})\)

b.

\(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{xy}+1=(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{xy})+(\sqrt{y}+1)\)

\(=\sqrt{x}(1+\sqrt{y})+(\sqrt{y}+1)=(\sqrt{y}+1)(\sqrt{x}+1)\)

c.

$x-4\sqrt{x}+3=(x-\sqrt{x})-(3\sqrt{x}-3)$

$=\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)-3(\sqrt{x}-1)$

$=(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}-3)$

\(x-y-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\\ =x-y-\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\\ =\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\\ =\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}-1\right)\)

=(x-y)-(căn x+căn y)

=(căn x-căn y)(căn x+căn y)-(căn x+căn y)

=(căn x+căn y)(căn x-căn y-1)

\(=\left(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+y-\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

a: \(A=x\sqrt{x}-y\sqrt{y}+x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)

b: \(B=5x^2-7x\sqrt{y}+2y\)

\(=5x^2-5x\sqrt{y}-2x\sqrt{y}+2y\)

\(=5x\left(x-\sqrt{y}\right)-2\sqrt{y}\left(x-\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(=\left(x-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(5x-2\sqrt{y}\right)\)

\(12-\sqrt{x}-x=12-4\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-x=4\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)+\sqrt{x}\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)=\left(4+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)\)