Câu hỏi của Trần Lê Nguyên Mạnh - Toán lớp 9 - Học trực tuyến OLM

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky ta được:          \(\left(ab+bc+ca+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)\(\left(ab+bc+ca+1\right)\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+1\right)\ge\left(b+c+a+1\right)^2\)

Cộng theo vế hai bất đẳng thức này ta được \(\left(ab+bc+ca+1\right)\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}\ge2\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)hay \(\frac{ab+bc+ca+1}{\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Đến đây, ta quy bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh về dạng:\(\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{3}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\ge1\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}.\frac{1}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}}\)\(=\sqrt{\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)(*)

Cũng theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\frac{1}{4}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)(**)

Từ (*) và (**) suy ra được \(\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{3}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\ge1\)

Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh

Đẳng thức xảy ra a = b = c = 1

Với x là số dương, áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có:

\(\sqrt{x^3+1}=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\le\frac{x+1+x^2-x+1}{2}=\frac{x^2+2}{2}\)

=> \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^3+1}}\ge\frac{2}{x^2+2}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng bđt (1) ta được:

\(\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{b+c}{a}\right)^3}}\ge\frac{2}{\left(\frac{b+c}{a}\right)^2+2}=\frac{2a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2+2a^2}\)

Suy ra \(\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3}}\ge\frac{2a^2}{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+2a^2}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(2\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{b^3}{b^3+\left(c+a\right)^3}}\ge\frac{b^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\left(3\right);\sqrt{\frac{c^3}{c^3+\left(a+b\right)^3}}\ge\frac{c^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\left(4\right)\)

Cộng (2),(3),(4) vế theo vế:

\(VT\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c

`sqrta+sqrtb+sqrtc=2`

`<=>(sqrta+sqrtb+sqrtc)^2=4`

`<=>a+b+c+2sqrt{ab}+2sqrt{bc}+2sqrt{ca}=4`

`<=>2sqrt{ab}+2sqrt{bc}+2sqrt{ca}=4-(a+b+c)=4-2-2`

`<=>sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca}=1`

`=>a+1=a+sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca}=sqrta(sqrta+sqrtb)+sqrtc(sqrta+sqrtb)=(sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrta+sqrtc)`

Tương tự:`b+1=(sqrtb+sqrta)(sqrtb+sqrtc)`

`c+1=(sqrtc+sqrta)(sqrtc+sqrtb)`

`=>VT=sqrta/((sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrta+sqrtc))+sqrtb/((sqrtb+sqrta)(sqrtb+sqrtc))+sqrtc/((sqrtc+sqrta)(sqrtc+sqrtb))`

`=>VT=(sqrta(sqrtb+sqrtc)+sqrtb(sqrtc+sqrta)+sqrtc(sqrta+sqrtb))/((sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrtb+sqrtc)(sqrtc+sqrta))`

`=(sqrt{ab}+sqrt{ac}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ab}+sqrt{ac}+sqrt{bc})/((sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrtb+sqrtc)(sqrtc+sqrta))`

`=(2(sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca}))/((sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrtb+sqrtc)(sqrtc+sqrta))`

`=2/((sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrtb+sqrtc)(sqrtc+sqrta))`

`=2/\sqrt{[(sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrtb+sqrtc)(sqrtc+sqrta)]^2}`

`=2/\sqrt{(sqrta+sqrtb)(sqrta+sqrtc)(sqrtb+sqrta)(sqrtb+sqrtc)(sqrtc+sqrta)(sqrtc+sqrtb)}`

`=2/\sqrt{(1+a)(1+b)(1+c)}=>đpcm`

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge a+\sqrt{bc}\)

Do đó \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{bc\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\ge\sqrt{abc}\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\left(1\right)\)

Chứng minh tương tự ta được: 

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{bc\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\ge\sqrt{abc}\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\left(2\right)\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{ca\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\ge\sqrt{abc}\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\)

\(\sqrt{abc}\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\right)+\)\(\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\left(4\right)\)

Ta lại có: \(\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=\frac{bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+2abc}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(=\frac{bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ca\left(a+b+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left[c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)\right]}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=1\)

\(\left(4\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)\(\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\right)+1-\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Do đó ta cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{abc}\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\right)+1-\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)\(\ge1+\frac{4abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Điều này tương đương với \(\sqrt{a}\left(b+c\right)+\sqrt{b}\left(a+c\right)+\sqrt{c}\left(a+b\right)\ge6\sqrt{abc}\left(5\right)\)

Theo bất đẳng thức AM-GM thì (5) luôn đúng

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi (1);(2);(3) và (5) xảy ra dấu "=". điều này tương đương với a=b=c

Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh

=))

Chú ý đến giả thiết a + b + c = 1 ta viết được \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-c\right)\left(1+c\right)}}=\)\(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{1-c^2}}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-c^2}}\)\(=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\)

Mặt khác áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge2ab+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\)\(2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)\)và \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)

Từ đó dẫn đến \(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)

Mà theo bất đẳng thức quen thuộc \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+ca\right)}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+bc}+\frac{ab}{ab+ca}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)

Từ đó ta có bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)(1)

Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}\)(2) ; \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)(3)

Cộng theo vế 3 bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\)

Ta cần chứng minh\(\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\le\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}\)

Hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\le3\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)

\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)}=3\)

Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Sửa đề: \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)