Bài 1 : Tìm x , biết :

a) 16^x < 128^4

\(\Rightarrow2^{4.x}< 2^{7.4}\)

\(\Rightarrow x< 7\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{6;5;4;3;2;...\right\}\)

b) \(25\le5^x\le125^2\)

\(\Rightarrow5^2\le5^x\le5^6\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{2;3;4;5;6\right\}\)

Bài 2 : bạn xem lại đề cái nha, mk nghĩ đề sai

S = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴

2S = 2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵

2S - S = 2⁵ - 1

Mà 2⁵ < 2⁸ ⇒ 2⁵ < 5 . 2⁸

⇒ 2⁵ - 1 < 5 . 2⁸

⇒ S < 5 . 2⁸ (đpcm)

Ta có : 

\(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)

\(S=\frac{4-1}{4}+\frac{9-1}{9}+\frac{16-1}{16}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)

\(S=\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}+\frac{4^2-1}{4^2}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)

\(S=\frac{2^2}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{4^2}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{n^2}{n^2}-\frac{1}{n^2}\)

\(S=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+1-\frac{1}{3^2}+1-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+1-\frac{1}{n^2}\)

\(S=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)

Vì từ \(2\) đến \(n\) có \(n-2+1=n-1\) số \(1\) nên : 
\(S=n-1-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< n-1\) \(\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\) ta lại có : 

\(A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)

\(A< \frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)

\(A< 1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(S=n-1-A>n-1-1=n-2\) 

\(\Rightarrow\)\(S>n-2\) \(\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra : 

\(n-2< S< n-1\)

Vì \(n>3\) nên \(S\) không là số tự nhiên 

Vậy \(S\) không là số tự nhiên 

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

bài 2

A = 3+3^2 +3^3+ ...+3^100

3.A = 3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^101

3.A-A=(3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^101)-(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^100)

2.A=3^101-3

Ta có: 2A+3=3^ x

\(\Rightarrow\)(3^101-3)+3=3^x

\(\Rightarrow\)3^101-(3+3)=3^x

\(\Rightarrow\)3^101=3^x

\(\Rightarrow\)x=101

Vậy x=101

2: \(A=x^2-10x+25-34=\left(x-5\right)^2-34\ge-34\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảu ra khi x=5

\(C=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{13}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{13}{4}\ge-\dfrac{13}{4}\\ C_{min}=-\dfrac{13}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\ A=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-34=\left(x-5\right)^2-34\ge-34\\ A_{min}=-34\Leftrightarrow x=5\)

\(1,C=x^2+x-3\\ \Rightarrow C=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{13}{4}\\ \Rightarrow C=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{13}{4}\ge-\dfrac{13}{4}\)

dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(C_{min}=-\dfrac{13}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(2,A=x^2-10x-9\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-34\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(x-5\right)^2-34\)

dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=5\)

Vậy \(A_{min}=-34\Leftrightarrow x=5\)