a: Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2-x+3}+7=10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+8}-7=-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+8=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\)

hay x=2

dk \(x+9\ge0;x\ge0;x+1>0< =>x\ge0;\)

\(\sqrt{x+9}-\sqrt{x}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{x+1}}< =>\frac{9}{\sqrt{x+9}+\sqrt{x}}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)<=> \(9\sqrt{x+1}=2\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{x+9}+\sqrt{x}\right)< =>\)\(81\left(x+1\right)=16x+72+16\sqrt{x\left(x+9\right)}\)

<=> \(65x+9=16\sqrt{x\left(x+9\right)}\)<=> 4225x²+1170x+81= 256x²+144x <=> 3969x²+1026x+81=0 (vô nghiệm)

b. 2 + \(\sqrt{2x-1}=x\)       ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0,5\)

<=> \(\sqrt{2x-1}\) = x - 2

<=> 2x - 1 = (x - 2)²

<=> 2x - 1 = x² - 4x + 4

<=> -x² + 2x + 4x - 4 - 1 = 0

<=> -x² + 6x - 5 = 0

<=> -x² + 5x + x - 5 = 0

<=> -(-x² + 5x + x - 5) = 0

<=> x² - 5x - x + 5 = 0

<=> x(x - 5) - (x - 5) = 0

<=> (x - 1)(x - 5) = 0

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

dk \(\hept{\begin{cases}3x^2-1\ge0\\x^2-x\ge0\end{cases}< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x\le\frac{-1}{\sqrt{3}}\end{cases}}}\)(1)

\(< =>2\sqrt{6x^2-2}+2\sqrt{2x^2-2x}-2x\sqrt{2x^2+2}\)=7x²-x+4

<=> (3x²-1)-2\(\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{3x^2-1}\)+ 2 + (x²+1)+2x\(\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{x^2+1}\)+2x² + (x²-x) - 2\(\sqrt{2}\sqrt{x^2-x}\)+2 =0

<=> \(\left(\sqrt{3x^2-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)+\(\left(\sqrt{x^2-x}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2=0\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{3x^2-1}=\sqrt{2}\\\sqrt{x^2+1}+x\sqrt{2}=0\\\sqrt{x^2-x}=\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}< =>\hept{\begin{cases}3x^2=3\\x^2+1=2x^2\left(x< 0\right)\\x^2-x-2=0\end{cases}}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=1\\\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\end{cases}< =>x=-1}\) (thỏa mãn điều kiện (1)

vậy x=-1 là nghiệm

dk \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\left(3x+1\right)\ge0\\x\left(x-1\right)\ge0\end{cases}< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x\le\frac{-1}{3}\end{cases}}}\)

vì x khác 0 nên chia cả 2 vế cho \(\sqrt{x}\)ta được \(\sqrt{3x+1}-\sqrt{x-1}=2\sqrt{x}< =>\)\(\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{3x+1}=0< =>\)\(\sqrt{x-1}+\frac{4x-\left(3x+1\right)}{2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3x+1}}=0\)\(\sqrt{x-1}+\frac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3x+1}}=0\)\(< =>\sqrt{x-1}\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3x+1}}\right)=0< =>\sqrt{x-1}=0\) (vì biểu thức trong ngoặc luôn \(\ge1\)) <=> x-1= 0 <=> x=1 (thỏa mãn điều kiện)

ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}\right)=3x+1+4\sqrt{-x^2+x+6}\)

Đặt \(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}=t>0\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2=4\left(x+2\right)+3-x+4\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)}=3x+11+4\sqrt{-x^2+x+6}\)

Pt trở thành:

\(3t=t^2-10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-3t-10=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=5\\t=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}=5\)

Ta có: \(VT=2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}\le\sqrt{\left(2^2+1^2\right)\left(x+2+3-x\right)}=5\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le VP\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\frac{\sqrt{x+2}}{2}=\sqrt{3-x}\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=2\)