1

\(A=\frac{2019^{2019}+1}{2019^{2020}+1}< \frac{2019^{2019}+1+2018}{2019^{2020}+1+2018}=\frac{2019^{2019}+2019}{2019^{2020}+2019}=\frac{2019\left(2019^{2018}+1\right)}{2019\left(2019^{2019}+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{2019^{2018}+1}{2019^{2019}+1}\)

2

\(M=\frac{100^{101}+1}{100^{100}+1}< \frac{100^{101}+1+99}{100^{100}+1+99}=\frac{100^{101}+100}{100^{100}+100}=\frac{100\left(100^{100}+1\right)}{100\left(100^{99}+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{100^{100}+1}{100^{99}+1}=N\)

Ta có bài toán tổng quát sau:Chứng minh rằng tổng \(A=\frac{n+1}{n^2+1}+\frac{n+1}{n^2+2}+....+\frac{n+1}{n^2+n}\)(n số hạng và n>1) không phải là số nguyên dương ta có:

\(1=\frac{n+1}{n^2+1}+\frac{n+1}{n^2+2}+...+\frac{n+1}{n^2+3}< \frac{n+1}{n^2+1}+\frac{n+1}{n^2+2}+....+\frac{n+1}{n^2+n}< \frac{n+1}{n^2}+\frac{n+1}{n^2}\)\(+....+\frac{n+1}{n^2}=2\)

Do đó A không phải là số nguyên dương với n=2019 thì ta có bài toán đã cho

ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{x-2018};\sqrt{y-2019};\sqrt{z-2020}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a;b;c>0\)

\(\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{c-1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4a-4}{a^2}+\frac{4b-4}{b^2}+\frac{4c-4}{c^2}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{4a-a}{a^2}+1-\frac{4b-4}{b^2}+1-\frac{4c-4}{c^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-4a+4}{a^2}+\frac{b^2-4b+4}{b^2}+\frac{c^2-4c+4}{c^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a-2}{a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b-2}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c-2}{c}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=0\\b-2=0\\c-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2018}=2\\\sqrt{y-2019}=2\\\sqrt{z-2020}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2022\\y=2023\\z=2024\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2x^2+4x+2=21-3y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=3\left(7-y^2\right)\)

Do \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow7-y^2\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow y^2\le7\) (1)

Mà \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\) là một số tự nhiên chẵn và 3 là số lẻ

\(\Rightarrow7-y^2\) là một số chẵn \(\Rightarrow y^2\) là một số lẻ (2)

Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow y^2\) là số chính phương lẻ và nhỏ hơn 7

\(\Rightarrow y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=3\left(7-1\right)=18\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=3\\x+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có:

\(a_n=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)+1\)

\(a_n=n\left(n+3\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+1\)

\(a_n=\left(n^2+3n\right)\left(n^2+3n+2\right)+1\)

\(a_n=\left(n^2+3n\right)^2+2\left(n^2+3n\right)+1\)

\(a_n=\left(n^2+3n+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n\) là số chính phương với mọi n tự nhiên

B= 1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/2019.2020

B=1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/2019-1/2020

B=1-1/2020=2020/2020-1/2020=2019/2020

đặt 2²⁰¹⁸ = a ; 3²⁰¹⁹ = b ; 5²⁰²⁰ = c

Ta có : \(A=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(B=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B=\frac{2}{1.2}+\frac{2}{3.4}+...+\frac{2}{2019.2020}\)

\(< 1+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B< 1+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+....+\frac{2019-2018}{2018.2019}+\frac{2020-2019}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B< 1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2020}< 1+\frac{1}{2}\)

\(B< \frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>1>\frac{3}{4}>B\)

Mình chỉ biết cách tính B thôi, đây nhé:

B= \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

B=\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-2\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1010}\right)\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1010}\right)\)

\(B=\frac{1}{1011}+\frac{1}{1012}+....+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\)

1. \(n\in\left\{1;2;3;4;5;...\right\}\)

2. \(A=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}+\frac{1}{2019}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}-...-\frac{1}{1009}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{1010}+\frac{1}{1011}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\)

Ta có :

\(\left(A-B-1\right)^{2019}=\left(\frac{1}{1010}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\left(\frac{1}{1010}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\right)-1\right)^{2019}\)

\(=\left(-1\right)^{2019}=-1\)

Ta có :

\(N=\frac{2018+2019+2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(=\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}+\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}+\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

Mà \(\frac{2018}{2019}>\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\frac{2019}{2020}>\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M>N\)

Trả lời:

Ta có: 

\(\frac{2018}{2019}>\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\frac{2019}{2020}>\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2018}{2019}+\frac{2019}{2020}+\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2018+2019+2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

hay \(M>N\)

Vậy \(M>N\)

Ta có :

N = \(\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}+\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}+\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

Mà \(\frac{2018}{2019}>\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\frac{2019}{2020}>\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)

\(\Rightarrow M>N\)

Lời giải:

\(B=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+....+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow 2B=\frac{2}{1.2}+\frac{2}{3.4}+\frac{2}{5.6}+....+\frac{2}{2019.2020}\)

\(< 1+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{5.6}+....+\frac{1}{2018.2019}+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B< 1+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+\frac{5-4}{4.5}+....+\frac{2019-2018}{2018.2019}+\frac{2020-2019}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B< 1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\)

\( 2B< 1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2020}< 1+\frac{1}{2}\)

\(B< \frac{3}{4}\)

---------------------

Đặt \(2^{2018}=a; 3^{2019}=b; 5^{2020}=c(a,b,c>0)\)

\(A=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}> \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow A>1> \frac{3}{4}> B\)