a) x²+y²-4x+4y+8=0

⇔ (x-2)²+(y+2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)5x²-4xy+y²=0

⇔ x²+(2x-y)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)x²+2y²+z²-2xy-2y-4z+5=0

⇔ (x-y)²+(y-1)²+(z-2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

d)3x²+3y²+3xy-3x+3y+3=0

⇔ 6x²+6y²+6xy-6x+6y+6=0

⇔ 3(x+y)²+3(x-1)²+3(y+1)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:

$x^2-2x+y^2+4y+5+(2z-3)^2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2+4y+4)+(2z-3)^2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y+2)^2+(2z-3)^2=0$

Vì $(x-1)^2\geq 0; (y+2)^2\geq 0; (2z-3)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y,z$

Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì $(x-1)^2=(y+2)^2=(2z-3)^2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=-2; z=\frac{3}{2}$

x²-2xy+2y²+4y+4+(2z-3)²=0

(x²-2xy+y²)+(y²+4y+4)+(2z-3)²=0

(x-y)²+(y+2)²+(2z-3)²=0

=>x-y=y+2=2z-3=0

=>z=3/2

y=-2

x=-2

\(x^2-2x+y^2+4y+5+\left(2z-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+\left(2z-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(2z-3\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\\\left(2z-3\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\) nên \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(2z-3\right)^2\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\\\left(2z-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=\frac{3}{2}\end{cases}}}\)

\(\frac{3x-2y}{2015}=\frac{2x-4x}{2016}=\frac{4y-3z}{2017}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{12x-8y}{8060}=\frac{6z-12x}{6048}=\frac{8y-6z}{4034}=\frac{\left(12x-8y\right)+\left(6z-12x\right)+\left(8y-6z\right)}{8060+6048+4034}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x-2y=0\\2z-4x=0\\4y-3z=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x=2y\\2z=4x\\4y=3z\end{cases}}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\\\frac{x}{2}=\frac{z}{4}\\\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=k\left(k\ne0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2k;y=3k;z=4k\)

Thay vào P ta có

\(P=\frac{4k^2-2.2k.3k-16k^2}{4k^2+9k^2+16k^2}=\frac{k^2\left(4-12-16\right)}{k^2\left(4+9+16\right)}=-\frac{24}{29}\)

a) \(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+2y^2+4xy-20x-8y+26=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x\left(y-5\right)+\left(y-5\right)^2-\left(y-5\right)^2+2y^2-8y+26=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y-5\right)^2+y^2+2y+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y-5\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y-5=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )

b) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+\left(z^2-2z+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+3=0\\z-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-3\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )

c) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(z^2-4z+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(z-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=0\\x+1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )