Với đk trên ta có:

P = \(\frac{2}{x}-\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2+xy}+\frac{y^2-x^2}{xy}-\frac{y^2}{xy+y^2}\right).\frac{x+y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(=\frac{2}{x}-\left(\frac{x}{x+y}-\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xy}-\frac{y}{x+y}\right).\frac{x+y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(=\frac{2}{x}-\left(\frac{x-y}{x+y}-\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xy}\right).\frac{x+y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(=\frac{2}{x}-\frac{x-y}{xy}.\left(xy-\left(x+y\right)^2\right).\frac{1}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{x-y}{xy}\)

\(=\frac{x+y}{xy}\)

\(\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+xy}=\dfrac{x-y}{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x^2+xy}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy=x\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)=x\left(x+y\right)\)( luôn đúng )

Vậy x; y đúng với x; y khác 0

Ta có \(P=\frac{x^2+y\left(x+y\right)}{x^2-y^2}:\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{x^4\left(x-y\right)-y^4\left(x-y\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2}{x^2-y^2}:\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^4-y^4\right)}\)\(=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2}{x^2-y^2}:\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2}{x^2-y^2}.\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)\(=x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)

Thay \(x+y=5;xy=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow P=5^2-2.\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)=26\)

Vậy P=26

1/

\(x^2-xy-2y^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy-2xy-2y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)-2y\left(x+y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\Rightarrow x=2y\) (do \(x+y\ne0\))

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)

2/

\(x^4-30x^2+31x-30=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+x-30x^2+30x-30=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3+1\right)-30\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-30\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x-30\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x-30=0\\x^2-x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-5\right)\left(x+6\right)=0\\\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x+y=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=-x\\x-1=-y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(y-1\right)^2=x^2\\\left(x-1\right)^2=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\frac{x}{y^3-1}-\frac{y}{x^3-1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=\frac{x}{\left(y-1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{y}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}\)

\(=\frac{-1}{y^2+y+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=\frac{-1}{x^2+3y}+\frac{1}{y^2+3x}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}\)

\(=\frac{-y^2-3x+x^2+3y}{\left(xy\right)^2+3x^3+3y^3+9xy}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-3x+3y}{\left(xy\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)\left(\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right)+9xy}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}\)

\(=\frac{-2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=0\)

a: \(A=\dfrac{x^5}{x^3}\cdot\dfrac{y^{-2}}{y}=x^2\cdot y^{-1}=\dfrac{x^2}{y}\)

b: \(B=\dfrac{x^2\cdot y^{-3}}{x^3\cdot y^{-12}}=\dfrac{x^2}{x^3}\cdot\dfrac{y^{-3}}{y^{-12}}=\dfrac{1}{x}\cdot y^{-3+12}=\dfrac{y^9}{x}\)

a) \(A=\dfrac{x^5y^{-2}}{x^3y}=\dfrac{x^5}{x^3}.\dfrac{1}{y^{2-1}}=x^{5-3}y^{-1}=x^2y^{-1}\).

b) \(B=\dfrac{x^2y^{-3}}{\left(x^{-1}y^4\right)^{-3}}=\dfrac{x^2y^{-3}}{x^3y^{-12}}=x^{2-3}y^{-3-\left(-12\right)}=\dfrac{1}{xy^9}\)