18 thì có thể làm 20 thì chịu

\(A=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}=\dfrac{3-\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}+2}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+2}-1\)

Có \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+2\ge2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+2}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+2}-1\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=0 (tm)

Vậy \(A_{max}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2:

Đk: \(x\ge3;y\ge5;z\ge4\)

Pt\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}+\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}=20\)

Áp dụng AM-GM có:

\(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{x-3}.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}}=4\)

\(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\ge6\)

\(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\ge10\)

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\ge20\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\\\sqrt{y-5}=\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\\\sqrt{z-4}=\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=7;y=14;z=29\) (tm)

Vậy...

Bài 1 : ĐK : \(x>3\) ; \(y>5\) ; \(z>4\)

\(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-5}+\sqrt{z-4}=20-\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}-\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}-\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\right)=20\)

Theo BĐT Cô - Si cho hai số không âm ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4\sqrt{x-3}}{\sqrt{x-3}}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\\\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9\sqrt{y-5}}{\sqrt{y-5}}}=2\sqrt{9}=6\\\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{25\sqrt{z-4}}{\sqrt{z-4}}}=2\sqrt{25}=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\right)\ge20\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\right)=20\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\\\sqrt{y-5}=\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\\\sqrt{z-4}=\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=4\\y-5=9\\z-4=25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=14\\z=29\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)

Vậy \(x=7\) ; \(y=14\) ; \(z=29\)

b) \(\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}=82-\sqrt{x-3}-\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{z-665}\) (*)

Đk: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>3\\y>1\\z>665\end{matrix}\right.\)

(*) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}=82-\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-3}}-\dfrac{y-1}{\sqrt{y-1}}-\dfrac{z-665}{\sqrt{z-665}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}-82+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{y-1}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{z-665}{\sqrt{z-665}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-3}}-\dfrac{8\sqrt{x-3}}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y-1}{\sqrt{y-1}}-\dfrac{4\sqrt{y-1}}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z-665}{\sqrt{z-665}}-\dfrac{70\sqrt{z-665}}{\sqrt{z-665}}+\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x-3}-4\right)^2}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{y-1}-2\right)^2}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{z-665}-35\right)^2}{\sqrt{z-665}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}-4=0\\\sqrt{y-1}-2=0\\\sqrt{z-665}-35=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=19\\y=5\\z=1890\end{matrix}\right.\)

Kl: x=19, y= 5, z=1890

c) \(\sqrt{x-5}-\dfrac{x-14}{3+\sqrt{x-5}}=3\) (*)

Đk: \(x\ge5\)

(*) \(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-5}+x-5-x+14=9+3\sqrt{x-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0x=0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình (*) là \(x\ge5\)

ĐK : \(x\ge3;y\ge1;z\ge665\)

\(\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}=82-\sqrt{x-3}-\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{z-665}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x-3}\right)+\left(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}+\sqrt{z-665}\right)=82\)

Theo BĐT Cô Si cho các số dương ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x-3}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{16\sqrt{x-3}}{\sqrt{x-3}}}=2\sqrt{16}=8\\\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\sqrt{y-1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4\sqrt{y-1}}{\sqrt{y-1}}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\\\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}+\sqrt{z-665}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1225\sqrt{z-665}}{\sqrt{z-665}}}=2\sqrt{1225}=70\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x-3}\right)+\left(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}+\sqrt{z-665}\right)\ge82\)

Dấu \("="\) hiển nhiên xảy ra khi :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x-3}}=\sqrt{x-3}\\\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}}=\sqrt{y-1}\\\dfrac{1225}{\sqrt{z-665}}=\sqrt{z-665}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=16\\y-1=4\\z-665=1225\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=19\\y=5\\z=1890\end{matrix}\right.\)