Đáp án C

n N a 2 S O 4 = 0,02 mol; n_NaCl=0,5 mol; n_Na+= 0,02.2+0,5= 0,54 mol

[Na⁺]= 0,54/(0,117+0,171+0,212)= 1,08M

a) Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}=\dfrac{4,26}{213}=0,02\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al^+}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_3^-}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Al^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1}=0,2\left(M\right)\\\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,1}=0,6\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: \(\left[Na^+\right]=0,1+0,02\cdot2+0,3=0,304\left(M\right)\)

c) Bạn xem lại đề !!

\(a.n_{NaCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CaCl_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[NaCl\right]=\dfrac{0,4.1}{0,2+0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ca^{2+}\right]=\left[CaCl_2\right]=\dfrac{0,1.1}{0,2+0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=1.1+0,25.2=1,5\left(M\right)\)

\(b.\\ n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{120}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{342}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Mg^{2+}\right]=\left[MgSO_4\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2+0,3}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \left[Al^{3+}\right]=2.\left[Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right]=2.\dfrac{0,1}{0,2+0,3}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=0,2.1+0,2.3=0,8\left(M\right)\)

Câu 3 : 

\(pH=-log\left[H^+\right]=-log\left(0.1\right)=1\)

Câu 4 : 

Chứa các ion : H⁺ , Cl^-

Câu 5 : 

\(n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}=0.02\cdot0.1=0.002\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{0.002}{0.01}=0.2\left(M\right)\)

Câu 1 : 

Bảo toàn điện tích : 

\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot2+0.1-0.05}{2}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Muối}=0.2\cdot64+0.1\cdot39+0.05\cdot35.5+0.225\cdot96=40.075\left(g\right)\)

Câu 2 : 

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.15\cdot0.5\cdot2+0.05\cdot1}{0.15+0.05}=1\left(M\right)\)

Câu 6 : 

\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=12\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=0.01\)

\(n_{NaOH}=n_{OH}=0.01\cdot2=0.02\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH\left(bđ\right)}=0.02\cdot40=0.8\left(g\right)\)

Câu 7 : 

\(n_{KOH}=0.25\cdot0.03=0.0075\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.25\cdot0.01=0.0025\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=0.0075-0.0025=0.005\left(mol\right)\)

\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.005}{0.25+0.25}=0.01\)

\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0.01\right)=12\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1.0,1}{0,1+0,3}=0,025M\)

\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1.0,1+0,2.0,3}{0,1+0,3}=0,175M\)

\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,2.0,3}{0,1+0,3}=0,15M\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.015\cdot2=0.03\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.015\cdot1.5=0.0225\left(mol\right)\)

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)

\(0.03..........0.015...........0.015\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0.0225-0.015=0.0075\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{Na^+}}=\dfrac{0.015\cdot2}{0.015+0.015}=1\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{M_{H^+}}=\dfrac{0.0075\cdot2}{0.015+0.015}=0.5\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{M_{SO_4^{2-}}}=\dfrac{0.015+0.0075}{0.015+0.015}=0.75\left(M\right)\)

\(b.n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,4.0,5+\dfrac{100.1,33.20\%}{40}=0,865\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\left(sau\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,865}{0,4+0,1}=1,73\left(M\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=0,05.0,12=0,006\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,15.0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,006+0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,105\left(M\right)\\ \left[NO^-_3\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,075\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,006}{0,05+0,15}=0,03\left(M\right)\)

\(d.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,05=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,35.0,2=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2+0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,275\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05+0,35}=0,05\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,175\left(M\right)\\ f.n_{KOH}=\dfrac{20.1,31.32\%}{56}=\dfrac{131}{875}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}+0,08.2}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{542}{175}\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,02+0,08}=0,8\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{262}{175}\left(M\right)\)