Ta có:

\(x+y+x=0\)

<=>\(x+y=-z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(-z\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=z^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-z^2\right)^2=\left(-2xy\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2x^2y^2-2y^2z^2-2z^2x^2=4x^2y^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4=4x^2y^2-2x^2y^2+2y^2z^2+2z^2y^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4=2x^2y^2+2y^2z^2+2z^2x^2\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=x^4+y^4+z^4+2x^2y^2+2y^2z^2+2z^2x^2\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)

Ta có:

\(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=-z\)

Bình phương 2 vế:

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=z^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=-2xy\)

Bình phương 2 vế thêm lần nữa:

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2x^2y^2-2x^2z^2-2y^2z^2=4x^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4=2x^2y^2+2y^2z^2+2x^2z^2\)

Cộng 2 vế cho \(x^4+y^4+z^4\) , ta có:

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=x^4+y^4+z^4+2\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\) (đpcm)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy :

\(\frac{x^4}{y^2\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^4\cdot y^2\cdot\left(x+z\right)}{y^2\cdot\left(x+z\right)\cdot2x\cdot4}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{8}}=\frac{3x}{2}\)

Tương tự ta cũng có :

\(\frac{y^4}{z^2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^2}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge\frac{3y}{2}\)

\(\frac{z^4}{x^2\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^2}{2z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge\frac{3z}{2}\)

Cộng theo vế ta được :

\(VT+\left(\frac{y^2}{2x}+\frac{z^2}{2y}+\frac{x^2}{2z}\right)+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}\ge\frac{3x}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}+\frac{3z}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}+\frac{x^2}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\text{VT}=\frac{(\frac{x^2}{y})^2}{x+z}+\frac{(\frac{y^2}{z})^2}{x+y}+\frac{(\frac{z^2}{x})^2}{y+z}\geq \frac{\left(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\right)^2}{x+z+x+y+y+z}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng:

\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{y+z+x}=x+y+z\)

Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x+z+x+y+y+z}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$

Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) ta tính được \(A=\frac{1}{4}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh nó là GTNN của A

Thật vậy áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(A=Σ\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{Σ\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

Do đó ta cần phải chứng minh \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{Σ\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge\left(x+y+z\right)Σ\left(2x^3+x^2y+x^2z\right)\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(2x^4-3x^3y-3x^3z+6x^2y^2-2x^2yz\right)\ge0\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(2x^4-3x^3y-3x^3z+4x^2y^2\right)+Σ\left(2x^2y^2-2x^2yz\right)\ge0\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(x^4-3x^3y+4x^2y^2-3xy^3+y^4\right)+Σ\left(x^2z^2-2z^2xy+y^2z^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+Σz^2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)

Vậy \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) thì \(A_{Min}=\frac{1}{4}\)