Theo đề ra, ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)

Theo BĐT Cô-si:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3+ab^2\ge2a^2b\\b^3+bc^2\ge2b^2c\\c^3+ca^2\ge2c^2a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)

Do vậy \(M\ge14\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

Ta đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=k\)

Luôn có \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)

Vì thế nên \(k\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Khi đấy:

\(M\ge14k+\dfrac{3\left(1-k\right)}{2k}=\dfrac{k}{2}+\dfrac{27k}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2k}-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{1}{2}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{27k}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2k}}-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{23}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow Min_M=\dfrac{23}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\).

cái cuối là \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\)  nha

\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

12. Ta có \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)

=> \(a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)

Lại có \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)

=> \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)

Khi đó 

\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{3}{2}\)khi a=b=c=1

13.  Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\le1\)

\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)( BĐT cosi)

=> \(1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)

=> \(a+b+c\ge6\)

Ta có \(a^3-b^3=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)

=> \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự \(\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\),,\(\frac{c^3-a^2}{c^2+ac+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng 3 BT trên ta có

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+c^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+bc+b^2}+\frac{a^3}{a^2+ac+c^2}\)

Khi đó \(2P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+...\)

=> \(2P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+....\)

Xét \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

<=> \(3\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)

<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)(luôn đúng )

=> \(2P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+b+c+a+c\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)\ge4\)

=> \(P\ge2\)

Vậy \(MinP=2\)khi a=b=c=2

Lưu ý : Chỗ .... là tương tự 

14.

Ta có \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=2\)

=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)=2\)

Đặt \(x+y+z=a,x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=b\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab=2\\P=\frac{1}{2}a^2+4b\end{cases}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi cho 3 số ta có 

\(\frac{1}{2}a^2+2b+2b\ge3\sqrt[3]{2a^2b^2}=6\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2}a^2=2b\\ab=2\end{cases}}\)=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=1\end{cases}}\)thỏa mãn ĐK

Vậy MinP=6 khi a=2, b=1

Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có: 

\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:

\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.

Ta có: P= \(2a+3b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}\) = \(\text{​​}\text{​​}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)+\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)+\left(a+2b\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\text{​​}\text{​​}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot a}=2\)

             \(\text{​​}\text{​​}\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{b}\cdot b}=4\)

Do đó: P \(\ge2+4+5=11\)

Vậy: P(min)=11  khi:  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=a\\\dfrac{4}{b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right..\)

\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)

\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)