Tìm GTLN của
a) \(A=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+t\right)\) biết rằng \(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2=1\)
b) \(B=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+t\right)\) biết rằng \(x^2+y^2+2z^2+2t^2=1\)
Cho a, b, c > 0 thỏa mãn a + b + c = 3. Tìm GTLN của
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(2x+y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(2y+x+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(2z+y+x\right)^2}\)
Chắc đề là \(x+y+z=3\)
Ta có:
\(\left(2x+y+z\right)^2=\left(x+y+x+z\right)^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{4\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(x+y+z\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(zy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2.\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1. Cho biết x , y , z # 0 và \(\dfrac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\) .
Chứng minh rằng : \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
2. Rút gọn : \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2}\) , biết rằng : x + y + z = 0
3. Cho 3x - y = 3z và 2x + y = 7z . Tính giá trị cua biểu thức :
M = \(\dfrac{x^2-2xy}{x^2+y^2}\) ( x # 0 ; y # 0 )
Bài 1:Cho x, y, z >0 thỏa mãn x+y+z=12.Tìm GTLN của biểu thức
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
Bài 2:Cho a,b,c là số thực dương. Tìm GTNN của biểu thức
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Bài 1
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
\(M=\dfrac{x+12-15}{x}+\dfrac{y+12-15}{y}+\dfrac{z+12-15}{z}\)
\(M=\dfrac{x-3}{x}+\dfrac{y-3}{y}+\dfrac{z-3}{z}\)
\(M=1-\dfrac{3}{x}+1-\dfrac{3}{y}+1-\dfrac{3}{z}\)
\(M=3-\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)\)
\(M=3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(M_{max}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\)
Bài 2
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{4abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4abc}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (1)
Xét \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2) theo từng vế
\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{225\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{225}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}-\dfrac{22}{15}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{-4}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)
Bài 2:
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
a) Tìm x,y,z biết : \(\frac{x}{y+z+1}=\frac{y}{x+z+1}=\frac{z}{x+y-2}=x+y+z\)
b) Tìm x biết : \(\left|x\right|+\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=6\)
Tìm GTLN của biếu thức
P= x\(\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+y^2\right).\left(1+z^2\right)}{1+x^2}}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+z^2\right).\left(1+x^2\right)}{1+y^2}}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+x^2\right).\left(1+y^2\right)}{1+z^2}}\)
thực hiện phép tính
a,\(x^3+\left[\frac{x\left(2y^3-x^3\right)}{x^3+y^3}\right]^3-\left[\frac{y\left(2x^3-y^3\right)}{x^3+y^3}\right]^3\)
b,\(\frac{\frac{x\left(x+y\right)}{x-y}+\frac{x\left(x+z\right)}{x-z}}{1+\frac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}}+\frac{\frac{y\left(y+z\right)}{y-z}+\frac{y\left(y+x\right)}{y-x}}{1+\frac{\left(z-x\right)^2}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}}+\frac{\frac{z\left(z+x\right)}{z-x}+\frac{z\left(z+y\right)}{z-y}}{1+\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}}\)
c,\(\left[\frac{y+z-2x}{\frac{\left(y-z\right)^3}{y^3-z^3}+\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{y^2+yz+z^2}}+\frac{z+x-2y}{\frac{\left(z-x\right)^3}{z^3-x^3}+\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}{z^2+xz+x^2}}+\frac{x+y-2z}{\frac{\left(x-y\right)^3}{x^3-y^3}+\frac{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}{x^2+xy+y^2}}\right]:\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
1) Cho a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc và abc khác 0. Tính giá trị của P=\(\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
2) Tính giá trị biểu thức A= \(\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
với a khác b, hoặc b khác c, hoặc c khác a
3) Tính giá trị biểu thức B= \(\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^3+\left(y^2-z^2\right)^3+\left(z^2-x^2\right)^3}{\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3}\)
với x khác y, hoặc y khác z, hoặc z khác x
4) Tính giá trị biểu thức C= \(\frac{\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3}{3\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
với x khác y; y khác z; z khác x
Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) \(4x\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2z^2\)
b) \(\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
c) \(x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)+y^2z^2\left(z-y\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
d) \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
b, \(\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-z\right)^2\left[\left(x-y\right)+\left(z-x\right)\right]+\left(z-x\right)^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)+\left(z-x\right)^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2\right]-\left(z-x\right)\left[\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-y+z\right)\left(x-y+y-z\right)-\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z-z+x\right)\left(y-z+z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)-\left(z-x\right)\left(y-2z+x\right)\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)-\left(x-z\right)\left(y-2z+x\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(x-2y+z-y+2z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(3z-3y\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
c, \(x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)+y^2z^2\left(z-y\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)-y^2z^2\left[\left(y-x\right)-\left(z-x\right)\right]-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)-y^2z^2\left(y-x\right)+y^2z^2\left(z-x\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2y^2-y^2z^2\right)\left(y-x\right)+\left(y^2z^2-z^2x^2\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=y^2\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y-x\right)+z^2\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=y^2\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y-x\right)-z^2\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[y^2\left(x+z\right)-z^2\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(y^2x+y^2z-z^2x-z^2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(xy+xz+yz\right)\)
d, \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xyz-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
Cho \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=\left(x+y-2z\right)^2+\left(y+z-2x\right)^2+\left(x+z-2y\right)^2\)
Chứng minh rằng: x=y=z