nHCl (ban đầu) = 0.6(mol)
gọi nK2CO3 = x (mol)
nNa2CO3 = y(mol)
Ta có : x + y = nCO2 = 0.25(mol)
K2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2KCl + H2O + CO2
x________2x____________________x
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
y_________2y____________________y
=> n(HCl pư) = 2 x 0.25 = 0.5(mol)
=> nHCl dư = 0.1(mol) = nNaOH
=> dd thu được gồm : K(+) , Na(+), Cl(-) , Na(+)
Ta có : 78x + 46y = 39.9 - 0.6*35.5 - 23*0.1 = 16.3
=> x = 0.15
y = 0.1

BẠN THAM KHẢO

Bài này ta phải nhìn kỹ vào PTHH và biết vận dụng ĐLBTKL :)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\left(3\right)\)

Theo pthh (1, 2, 3): \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2O}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Áp dụng ĐLBTKL: 

\(m_{muối.cacbonat}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối.clorua}+m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)

=> x = m_{muối clorua} = 18,7 + 0,4.36,5 - 0,2.44 - 0,2.18 = 20,9 (g)

ta có 200cm3=0,2 lítn hcl=2*0,2=0,4 molgọi số mol của caco3 là a,na2co3 là bcaco3 + 2hcl -> cacl2 + co2 + h2oa(mol)---2a(mol)--a-------a--------ana2co3 + 2hcl -> 2nacl + co2 + h2ob(mol)---2b(mol)---2b-------b------bta có100a+106b=20,62a+2b=0,4=> a=b=0,1 mol=> m caco3=10g; m na2co3=10,6 g 

PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)  (1)

            \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Na₂CO₃ là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2a\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của CaCO₃ là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2b\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b=0,4\\106a+100b=20,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100=10\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2CO_3}=10,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2mol\\n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCl_2}=0,1\cdot111=11,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=200\cdot1,2=240\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(saup/ư\right)}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=251,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,65\%\\C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{11,1}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Muối:ACO_3,B_2CO_3\\ ACO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ B_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2BCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=44.0,03=1,32\left(g\right)\\ n_{CO_3^{2-}}=n_{CO_2}=0,03\left(mol\right);n_{Cl^-}=2.n_{CO_2}=0,03.2=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ m_{muối.ddX}=m_{muối.cacbonat}+m_{Cl^-}-m_{CO_3^{2-}}=10+0,06.35,5-60.0,03=10,3\left(g\right)\)

\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ ZnCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{muối.khan}=43,45+0,3.\left(71-60\right)=46,75\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,3\cdot44=13,2\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}HCl=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2O}=0,3\cdot18=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot2\cdot36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{hh\left(ban.đầu\right)}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2O}-m_{CO_2}=46,75\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,3.22,4=13,2\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

PTHH: K₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2KCl + CO₂ + H₂O

PTHH: BaCO₃ + 2HCl → BaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

PTHH: ZnCO₃ + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=8n_{CO_2}=8.0,3=2,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=2,4.36,5=87,6\left(g\right)\)

         \(n_{H_2O}=n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=5,4\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:

 \(m_{hh}+m_{HCl}=m_{muôi}+m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{muối}=43,45+87,6-13,2-5,4=112,45\left(g\right)\)

a) 

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

MgCl₂ + 2KOH + 2KCl + Mg(OH)₂

FeCl₃ + 3KOH --> 3KCl + Fe(OH)₃

Mg(OH)₂ --t^o--> MgO + H₂O

2Fe(OH)₃ --t^o--> Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂O

b) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe₂O₃ là a, b (mol)

Theo PTHH: \(a=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=\dfrac{22-0,15.40}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(bđ\right)}=n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> b = 0,1 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=18,37\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=81,63\%\end{matrix}\right.\)