a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             0,4------------>0,4---->0,6

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

b) 

\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\)

c)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

                       0,6------>0,6

=> m_Cu = 0,6.64 = 38,4 (g)

`n_[Al]=[10,8]/27=0,4(mol)`

`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_2 + 3H_2 \uparrow`

`0,4`                              `0,4`     `0,6`      `(mol)`

`a)V_[H_2]=0,6.22,4=13,44(l)`

`b)m_[AlCl_2]=0,4.98=39,2(g)`

`c)`

`H_2 + CuO` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `Cu + H_2 O`

`0,4`                     `0,4`                 `(mol)`

`=>m_[Cu]=0,4.64=25,6(g)`

Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a. \(PTHH:4P+5O_2\overset{t^o}{--->}2P_2O_5\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,25.22,4=5,5\left(lít\right)\)

b. Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_P=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2P_2O_5\\ a.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,25.32=8\left(g\right)\\ b.BTKLm_P+m_{O_2}=m_{P_2O_5}\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=6,2+8=14,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{24,6375}{36,5}=0,675\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

LTL: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,675}{3}\rightarrow\) HCl dư

Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al}=3.0,2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,675-0,5\right).36,5=2,7375\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2

0,2-----0,6-----0,2-----0,3

n Al=0,2 mol

n HCl=0,675 mol

=>Hcl dư

=>m HCl=0,075.36,5=2,7375g

b)m AlCl3=0,2.133,5=26,7g

c) VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

CH4+2O2-to>CO2+2H2O

x---------2x-------x

C2H4+3O2-to>2CO2+2H2O

y-------------3y------2y

=>Ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,04\\2x+3y=0,11\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>x=0,01, y=0,03 mol

=>%VCH4=\(\dfrac{0,01.22,4}{0,896}100\)=25%

=>%VC2H4=75%

=>m CO2=(0,01+0,03.2).44=3,08g

a, ta có PTHH : 

CH₄ + 2O₂ \(\Rightarrow\) CO₂ + 2H₂O (*)

C₂H₄ + 3O₂ \(\Rightarrow\) 2CO₂ + 2H₂O(+)

b, Gọi x, y lần lượ là số mol của CH₄ , C₂H₄ ( x, y > 0 )

Ta có : n_{h =} \(\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=0,04\left(mol\right)\) (1)

lại có n_{o2 pứ} = \(\dfrac{3,52}{32}=0,11\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+3y=0,11\left(mol\right)\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ pt:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,04\\2x+3y=0,11\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,01\left(mol\right)\\y=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

%V_CH4 = \(\dfrac{0,01}{0,04}\times100\%=25\%\)

%V_C2H4 = \(\dfrac{0,03}{0,04}\times100\%=75\%\)

c, Theo pt n_CO2(*) = n_CH4 = 0,01 (mol)

n_CO2(+) = 2n_C2H4 = 0,6 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{co_2}=\left(0,01+0,6\right)\times44=26,84\left(g\right)\)

CH4+2O2-to>CO2+2H2O

x---------2x-------x---------2x

C2H4+3O2-to>2CO2+2H2O

y-------------3y------2y-------2y

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}16x+28y=1,36\\2x+3y=0,16\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>x=0,05 mol , y=0,02 mol

=>%m CH4=\(\dfrac{0,05.16}{1,36}100\)=58,82%

=>%m C2H4=41,17%

=>mH2O=(0,1+0,04).18=2,52g

a, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CH₄ + 2O₂ ---t^o→ CO₂ + 2H₂O

Mol:       x        2x                           2x

PTHH: C₂H₄ + 3O₂ ---t^o→ 2CO₂ + 2H₂O

Mol:        y         3y                               2y

b,Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}16x+28y=1,36\\2x+3y=0,16\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CH_4}=0,05.16=0,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,8.100\%}{1,36}=58,82\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{C_2H_4}=100\%-58,82\%=41,18\%\)

c, \(m_{H_2O}=\left(2.0,05+2.0,02\right).18=2,52\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4--->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               0,4 <---  0,6    ----------->      0,2    -->   0,6

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2Al + 6HCl \rightarrow 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)

\(n_{Al}= \dfrac{5,4}{27}= 0,2 mol\)

Theo PTHH:

 \(n_{AlCl_3}= n_{Al}= 0,2 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}= 0,2 . 133,5=26,7 g\)

Theo PTHH: 

\(n_{H_2}= \dfrac{3}{2} n_{Al}= 0,3 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow V= 0,3 . 22,4= 6,72 l\)

b)

Theo PTHH:

\(n_{HCl}= 3n_{Al}= 0,6 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,6 . 36,5=21,9 g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd HCl}= \dfrac{21,9 . 100}{15}= 146 g\) ( nếu ở tử là : 21,9 . 100% thì ở mẫu bạn chia cho 15% nhé)

2Zn+O2-to>2ZnO

0,1---0,05----0,1

n Zn=0,1 mol

nO2=0,025 mol

=>VO2=0,05.22,4=1,12l

=>mZnO=0,1.81=8,1g

c)Zn dư

=>m ZnO=0,05.81=4,05g

2Zn+O2-to>2ZnO

0,1---0,05----0,1

n Zn=6,5/65=0,1 mol

n O2=0,8/32=0,025 mol

=>VO2=0,05.22,4=1,12l

=>mZnO=0,1.81=8,1g

c)Zn dư

=>m ZnO=0,05.81=4,05g

.

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)

            0,025                                     0,025

\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)

  \(\rightarrow m_{Ba}=0,025.137=3,425\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{3,425}{6,486}=52,81\%\\\%m_{BaO}=100\%-52,81\%=47,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)