3)

1.

Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c

\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)

Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

2.

Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x+1;y+1;z+1\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z\in\left[0;2\right]\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(P=\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(z+1\right)^3\)

\(P=x^3+y^3+z^3+3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\Rightarrow x\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3+z^3=\left(y+z\right)^3-3yz\left(y+z\right)\le\left(y+z\right)^3\\y^2+z^2=\left(y+z\right)^2-2yz\le\left(y+z\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le x^3+\left(3-x\right)^3+3x^2+3\left(3-x\right)^2+12\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le15x^2-45x+66=15\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)+36\le36\)

(Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\))

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;3\right)\) và các hoán vị

\(VT\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\) (1)

Mặt khác:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^6\ge27\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^6}{27\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2.3^4}{27\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Câu 1

\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}+\dfrac{15}{16ab}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{16}}+\dfrac{15}{4\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Câu 2:

\(P=a+\dfrac{1}{a}+2b+\dfrac{8}{b}+3c+\dfrac{27}{c}+4\left(a+b+c\right)\\ P\ge2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{16}+2\sqrt{81}+4\cdot6=2+8+18+4=32\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 3: Cho a,b,c là các số thuộc đoạn [ -1;2 ] thõa mãn \(a^2+b^2+c^2=6.\) CMR : \(a+b+c>0\) - Hoc24

1) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{9}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{16}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{16}{1+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{16}{1+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=\dfrac{16}{1+\dfrac{1}{3}}=12\)

Lưu ý: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3

Post lại :v

1) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{4}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(2+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(VT\ge3+\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=3+9=12\)(đpcm)

Đảng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

2) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}}{ab}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}}{ab}+\dfrac{3}{a^2+b^2+ab}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}}{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+ab+ab}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}}{\dfrac{1}{4}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{16}{3}}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{8}{3}+\dfrac{16}{3}=\dfrac{24}{3}=8\)(đpcm)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài này đăng nhiều rồi bạn vào câu hỏi tương tự tìm

Sử dụng kĩ thuật Cauchy ngược dấu

Ta có: \(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\frac{ab^2+a+b^2+1-ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}\) 

Tương tự \(\frac{b+1}{c^2+1}\ge b+1-\frac{c\left(b+1\right)}{2}\)

               \(\frac{c+1}{a^2+1}\ge c+1-\frac{a\left(c+1\right)}{2}\) 

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3-\frac{a+b+c-ab-bc-ca}{2}\ge3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

Chứng minh cái này đi: \(\frac{a^3+a^2+a+1}{a^2+a+1}\ge\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{2}{3}\) ( gợi ý: bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a+1\right)\ge0\)) 

Tương tự với 2 ẩn kia \(\Rightarrow\)\(\Sigma\frac{a^3+a^2+a+1}{a^2+a+1}\ge\frac{8}{27}\Pi\left(a+1\right)\ge\frac{64}{27}\sqrt{abc}\ge\frac{64}{27}\)

dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)