Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}=\frac{-(a+b)}{c(a+b+c)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{ab+c(a+b+c)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)

Ta sẽ cm \(\frac{1}{a^{2n+1}}+\frac{1}{b^{2n+1}}+\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}}=\frac{1}{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}}(*)\)

Thật vậy: \((*)\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}}{(ab)^{2n+1}}=\frac{1}{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}}-\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}}{(ab)^{2n+1}}=\frac{-(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1})}{c^{2n+1}(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1})}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1})\left(\frac{1}{(ab)^{2n+1)}}+\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1})}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}).\frac{c^{2n+1}(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1})+(ab)^{2n+1}}{(abc)^{2n+1}(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1})}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1})(c^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1})(c^{2n+1}+a^{2n+1})}{abc^{2n+1}(a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1})}=0\)

Thấy rằng

\((a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1})(b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1})(c^{2n+1}+a^{2n+1})=(a+b).X.(b+c).Y.(c+a).Z\)

\(=0\) (do \((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\) )

Do đó đẳng thức $(*)$ cần chứng minh đúng.

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Ta tiếp tục chứng minh \(\frac{1}{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}}=\frac{1}{(a+b+c)^{2n+1}}(**)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}=(a+b+c)^{2n+1}\)

Thật vậy:

\((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a+b=0\\ b+c=0\\ c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Không mất tổng quát giả sử \(a+b=0\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}=(-b)^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}=c^{2n+1}\\ (a+b+c)^{2n+1}=(0+c)^{2n+1}=c^{2n+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}=(a+b+c)^{2n+1}\)

Do đó $(**)$ đúng

Từ $(*)$ và $(**)$ ta có đpcm.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét \(a=-b\) thì ta có

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a^{2n+1}}+\dfrac{1}{b^{2n+1}}+\dfrac{1}{c^{2n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{c^{2n+1}}\\\dfrac{1}{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{c^{2n+1}}\\\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{c^{2n+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^{2n+1}}+\dfrac{1}{b^{2n+1}}+\dfrac{1}{c^{2n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}+c^{2n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2n+1}}\)

Tương tự cho 2 bộ số còn lại ta được ĐPCM.

Lời giải:

a/

Gọi ƯCLN(n+1, 2n+3)=d$ 

Khi đó:

$n+1\vdots d\Rightarrow 2n+2\vdots d(1)$

$2n+3\vdots d(2)$

Từ $(1); (2)\Rightarrow (2n+3)-(2n+1)\vdots d$ hay $1\vdots d$

$\Rightarrow d=1$
Vậy $n+1, 2n+3$ nguyên tố cùng nhau nên phân số đã cho tối giản. 

Câu b,c làm tương tự.

a.

program caua;

uses crt;

var x,i, n: integer;

A: real;

begin

clrscr;

write('Nhap so n, n = '); read(n);

A:=0; x:=1;

for i:=1 to n do

begin

i:=x*i; A:=1/i;

end;

write("Gia tri bieu thuc dau tien la',A);

readln

end.

a) Từ giả thiết : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow2ab\text{=}2bc+2ca\)

\(\Rightarrow2ab-2bc-2ca\text{=}0\)

Ta xét : \(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\text{=}a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ca\)

\(\text{=}a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Do đó : \(A\text{=}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\text{=}\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\text{=}a+b-c\)

Vì a;b;c là các số hữu tỉ suy ra : đpcm

b) Đặt : \(a\text{=}\dfrac{1}{x-y};b\text{=}\dfrac{1}{y-x};c\text{=}\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)

Do đó : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{c}\)

Ta có : \(B\text{=}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)

Từ đây ta thấy giống phần a nên :

\(B\text{=}a+b-c\)

\(B\text{=}\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}-\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)

Suy ra : đpcm.

Mình bổ sung đề phần b cần phải có điều kiện của x;y;z nha bạn.

Có bị nhầm đề không bạn?

a) Vế trái  \(=\dfrac{1.3.5...39}{21.22.23...40}=\dfrac{1.3.5.7...21.23...39}{21.22.23....40}=\dfrac{1.3.5.7...19}{22.24.26...40}\)

               \(=\dfrac{1.3.5.7....19}{2.11.2.12.2.13.2.14.2.15.2.16.2.17.2.18.2.19.2.20}\\ =\dfrac{1.3.5.7.9.....19}{\left(1.3.5.7.9...19\right).2^{20}}=\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b) Vế trái

 \(=\dfrac{1.3.5...\left(2n-1\right)}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right).\left(n+3\right)...2n}\\ =\dfrac{1.2.3.4.5.6...\left(2n-1\right).2n}{2.4.6...2n.\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)...2n}\\ =\dfrac{1.2.3.4...\left(2n-1\right).2n}{2^n.1.2.3.4...n.\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)...2n}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2^n}.\\ \left(đpcm\right)\)