= \(1:\frac{1+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{a}}.\frac{a+1-2\sqrt{a}}{\left(a+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

=\(1:\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

=\(\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}\)

=\(1\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+a\right)\left(a+b+c+b\right)\left(a+b+c+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(A\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}.2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}.2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

a)  Điều kiện :  \(a\ne-b;b\ne1;a\ne-1\)

\(P=\frac{a^2\left(1+a\right)-b^2\left(1-b\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{a^3+a^2+b^3-b^2-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2+a-b-a^2b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{a^2+b^2-a^2b^2+a-b-ab}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{a^2\left(1-b^2\right)-\left(1-b^2\right)+a\left(1-b\right)+\left(1-b\right)}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{\left(1-b\right)\left(a^2+a^2b-1-b+a+1\right)}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1+a\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{a^2+a^2b+a-b}{1+a}\)

\(P=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)+b\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{1+a}\)

\(P=\frac{\left(a+1\right)\left(a+ab-b\right)}{1+a}\)

P = a + ab - b

b)

P = 3

<=>  a + ab - b = 3

<=>  a(b+1) - (b+1) +1 - 3 = 0

<=>   (b+1)(a-1)  = 2

Ta có bảng sau với a, b nguyên

Vậy (a;b) \(\in\){ (3; 0) ; (0; -3)}

A=\(\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}-\dfrac{\left(a+\sqrt{a}\right)}{\left(a-1\right)}\right]\)::::::::\(\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1+\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a-1}\right)\)

=\(\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right]:\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{a-1}\right)\)=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{2\sqrt{a}}\)

=\(\dfrac{a^2+a\sqrt{a}+11a+6}{2\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\)

Ta có: \(A=\left(\dfrac{a+3\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{a-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1+\sqrt{a}+1}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{2\sqrt{a}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{2\sqrt{a}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1+b^2+a^2\left(b^3+b\right)\le\left(2b^3+2\right)a^2-2\left(b^3+1\right)a+2b^3+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b^3-b+2\right)a^2-2\left(b^3+1\right)a+2b^3-b^2+1\ge0\)

Xét tam thức bậc 2: \(f\left(a\right)=\left(b^3-b+2\right)a^2-2\left(b^3+1\right)a+2b^3-b^2+1\)

Ta có: \(b^3+2-b\ge3b-b=2b>0\)

\(\Delta'=\left(b^3+1\right)^2-\left(b^3-b+2\right)\left(2b^3-b^2+1\right)\)

\(\Delta'=-\left(b-1\right)^2\left(b^4+b^3-b^2+b+1\right)\le0\) ; \(\forall b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)\ge0\) ; \(\forall a\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;1\right)\)

\(GT\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab=a+b+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a+b^2+b=2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+1\right)+b\left(b+1\right)=2\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+1}+\dfrac{b}{a+1}=2\)

Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b+1};\dfrac{b}{a+1}\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y\ge0\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le xy\le1\)

\(P=\left(1+x^3\right)\left(1+y^3\right)=1+x^3+y^3+x^3y^3\)

\(P=1+\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(xy\right)^3\)

\(P=\left(xy\right)^3-6xy+9=xy\left[\left(xy\right)^2-6\right]+9\le9\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(xy=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;2\right);\left(2;0\right)\)

\(Ta\) \(có:\) \(1+a^2=ab+bc+ca+a^2=b\left(a+c\right)+a\left(a+c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

\(1+b^2=ab+bc+ca+b^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(1+c^2=ab+bc+ca+c^2=\left(a+c\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

\(Khi\) \(đó:\) \(A=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=1\)