CaO + 3C => CaC2 + CO

CaC2 + 2H2O => Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 (axetilen)

3C2H2 => (cacbon hoạt tính, 600^oC) C6H6

C6H6 + Br2 => HBr + C6H5Br (brom benzen)

C2H2 + H2 => (t^o,Pd) C2H4

C2H4 + H2O => (140^oC, H2SO4đ) C2H5OH (rượu etylic)

C2H5OH + O2 => (men giấm) H2O + CH3COOH (axit axetic)

CH3COOH + C2H5OH => (t^o,H2SO4đ, pứ hai chiều) H2O + CH3COOC2H5 (etyl axetat)

n -(CH2-CH2)- => (t^o,xt,P) -(CH2-CH2)-n

\(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^0}C_6H_{12}O_6+C_6H_{12}O_6\)

\(C_6H_{12}O_6\underrightarrow{men.rượu}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)

\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{men.giấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)

\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_3H_5+H_2O\)

\(CH_3COOC_3H_5+H_2O⇌C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\)

\(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+2H_2\uparrow\)

\(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o}C_6H_{12}O_6+C_6H_{12}O_6\\ C_6H_{12}O_6\underrightarrow{men.rượu}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\uparrow\\ C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{men.giấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\\ CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}]{t^o}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\\ CH_3COOC_2H_5+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH\)

\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3KNO_3\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3+3CO\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3CO_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ FeCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2KCl\)

Sửa đề chất cuối thành Fe(OH)₂

\(2NaCl\underrightarrow{\text{điện phân nóng chảy}}2Na+Cl_2\uparrow\\ H_2+Cl_2\underrightarrow{\text{ánh sáng}}2HCl\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)

2CH4 -> (t°, làm lạnh nhanh) C2H2 + 3H2

C2H2 + H2 ->  (t°, xt, Pd) C2H4

C2H4 + HCl -> (askt) C2H5Cl

C2H5Cl + NaOH -> C2H5OH + NaCl

\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{t^o}C_2H_2+3H_2\)

\(C_2H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,xt,p}C_4H_4\)

\(C_4H_4+HCl\rightarrow C_2H_5Cl+C_2\)

\(C_2H_5Cl+NaOH\rightarrow C_2H_5OH+NaCl\)

\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{1500^oC,làm.lạnh.nhanh}CH\equiv CH+3H_2\)

\(CH\equiv CH+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd/PbCO_3}CH_2=CH_2\)

\(CH_2=CH_2+HCl\rightarrow CH_3-CHCl\)

\(CH_3-CH_2Cl+NaOH\underrightarrow{t^o}CH_3-CH_2OH\)

\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3KCl\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

2Fe+3Cl₂→(t^o)2FeCl₃

FeCl₃+3KOH→Fe(OH)3+3KCl₂

Fe(OH)₃→(t^o)Fe₂O₃+3H₂O

Fe₂O₃+6HCl→2FeCl₃+3H₂O

CuO ra H2O thì hợp lí hơn . PTHH : \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^ocao}Cu+H_2O\)

PTHH:

`CuO + H_2t^o -> Cu + H_2O`

\(\left(1\right)2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(\left(2\right)AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(\left(3\right)2Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)

\(\left(4\right)Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(a,2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\\ FeCl_3+3NaOH\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ 2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ Fe_2(SO_4)_3+3Zn\to 3ZnSO_4+2Fe\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ b,4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ Al_2O_3\xrightarrow[cryolit]{đpnc}4Al+3O_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Al_2(SO_4)_3+6NaOH\to 2Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3Na_2SO_4\\ 2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)