Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.

Is life (1) ______ in cities? Probably not. Many people find that the city of their dreams has become a nightmare. Population (2) ______ is causing unbelievable overcrowding. This overcrowding (3) _____ many serious problems: traffic, pollution, sickness, and crime. There isn't enough water, transportation, or housing. Perhaps, most serious (4) _____ all, there aren't enough jobs. One-third to one-half of the people in many cities in developing nations cannot find work or can find only (5) _____ jobs. Millions of these people are hungry, homeless, sick and afraid. The crisis is worsening (6) ______; that is, this time of danger and difficulty is becoming more horrible every day. Population (7) _____ tell us that by the year 2025, the population in cities in developing nations will increase to four times (8) _____ present size. 

1.      a. good                                   b. better                      c. best                         d. gooder

2.      a. density                               b. exploit                   c. decline                   d. growth

3.      a. causes                                b. makes                     c. forms                      d. solves

4.      a. of                                        b. for                           c. at                             d. in

5.      a. permanent                                     b. well-paid               c. part-time                d. full-time

6.      a. yearly                                 b. monthly                 c. daily                       d. weekly

7.      a. teachers                             b. experts                   c. tellers                     d. reporters

8.      a. their                                    b. theirs                      c. it's                           d. its

Cho đoạn văn:

Many people from rural areas are leaving behind their traditional way of life and moving to the city . They believe that well -paying jobs are plentiful in the city.

At home on the farm,life is always a struggle with nature . Typhoons,floods or droughts can easily destroy a harvest and leave the farmer with little or no money until the following year . Often farmers look  for other work when they need more money for their family.

The increase in population , however , has led to overcrowding in many cities . This puts a strain on school and hospitals , as well as water and electricity supplies . Increased pollution is another unpleasant result.

There is also a human side to this tragedy . Families sometimes has to live apart . In these cases , children may live at home with relatives , while their parents go and live in an urban area.

Governments all over the world are trying to provide facilities for these migrants , but it can be quite a problem.

1.Complete the summary . Use information from the passage.

People from the countryside are ( 1 ) ______ their ( 2 ) _____ to go and live in the ( 3 ) _____. Farming can sometime be a difficult life and these people from ( 4 ) _____ ares feel the ( 5 ) _____ offers more opportunities. However, many people coming to the city create

( 6 ) _____. There may not be enough ( 7 ) _____ or ( 8 ) _____, while water and electrcity supplies may not be adequste. This is a

( 9 ) _____ facing governments around the ( 10 ) _____.

2.Find the word in the passage that means :

a)of the countryside               ......................................

b)as many as needed            ......................................

c)become greater or larger    ......................................

d)a great pressure                 ......................................

e)a terrible event                    ......................................

f)of the city or city life              ......................................

Dịch đoạn văn sau:

Many people from rural areas are leaving behind their traditional way of life and moving to the city. They believe that well-paying jobs are plentiful in the city.

At home on the farm, life is always a straggle with nature. Typhoons, floods or droughts can easily destroy a harvest and leave the farmer with little or no money until the following year. Often fanners look for other work when they need more money for their family.

The increase in population, however, has led to overcrowding in many cities. This puts a strain on schools and hospitals, as well as water and electricity supplies. Increased pollution is another unpleasant result.

There is also a human side to this tragedy. Families sometimes have to live apart. In these cases, children may live at home with relatives, while their parents so and live in an urban area.

Governments all over the world are trying to provide facilities for these migrants, but it can be quite a problem.

Correct form of the words

2.That area is very dangerous for tourists. There are many (law) activities there.

3. (Poor) is still a major problem in most big cities.

4. Lack of education has caused many teenagers to become (crime)

6. (Home) or the state of having no home is a significant social issue worldwide.

7. In this city, only a small number of people are (wealth) with high living standards in the city.

8. The infant (die) rate in many countries in Africa is still very high.

9. Life in the city is more (stress) than that in the countryside.

10. The healthcare system in this city is very bad. There are only 13 (physics) out of 100,000 residents.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

LESSONS FROM CURITIBA

Urban planning deals with the physical, economic, and social development of cities. Today urban populations are increasing rapidly, and growing cities are putting enormous pressure on the environment. For this reason, the type of urban planning found in Curitiba, in southern Brazil, is more important than ever.

Curitiba is a fine example of how urban planning can work. This has not always been the case, however. At one time, Curitiba faced the same problems as many other cities all over the world, namely overcrowding, pollution, and an increased demand for services, transport, and housing. How, then, did Curitiba address these problems?

By the 1940s the population of Curitiba had grown to about 150,000 as immigrants from countries such as Japan, Syria, and Lebanon came to work in agriculture and industry. These people needed both housing and transportation. Curitiba's leaders realised that it was not sensible to deal with these problems separately. Consequently, they employed a French planner and architect, Alfred Agache, to find an overall solution.

Agache studied all aspects of the problem. He designed a scheme which gave priority to public services such as sanitation and public transport. At the same time, the scheme included centres which helped both community life and commerce to develop, and reduced traffic congestion. This was the first scheme to address several problems of growing cities at the same time. Unfortunately, some parts of his plan were not completed. The result, as described below, was that his scheme only served Curitiba for another 20 years.

By the 1960s, the population of Curitiba had grown to about 430,000 inhabitants, so the city had to rethink its needs. In order to do this, the mayor put together a team of architects and town planners led by Jaime Lerner. This team produced the Curitiba Master Plan. This consisted of taking Agache's original plan and adding wide, high-speed roads which crossed the smaller streets. Their proposals also included plans to minimise urban growth, reduce city centre traffic, and preserve the city's historic district. It is clear that the Curitiba Master Plan was one of the first attempts to integrate all aspects of city planning.

This integrated approach to urban design was maintained throughout the 1980s as Curitiba's population grew to almost one million inhabitants. Environmental facilities were added, such as a recycling programme for household waste, and parks and 'green' spaces were protected from development. However, good transportation remained central to the planning.

Good transportation still remains a priority, together with the needs for jobs. A growing population needs employment, so business parks and centres have been added to encourage new small businesses. All these changes will continue be the population of Curitiba increases, but its city planners are continually searching for solutions to the problems.

How many problems are mentioned in the passage as commonly shared by many cities?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

II/ Read the passage and answer the question :
Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other source create so
much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the
people who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways.
These wastes kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have
difficulties in disposing their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are
quickly filling up Citizens, governments, industries, scientists and business people must work
together in different ways to gradually reduce pollution.
True ( T ) or False ( F ) in the space provided
1/ Air pollution is a serious (dangerous) problem in many cities . __________
2/ Air pollution doesn't cause danger to people's health in some cities
3/ Motor vehicles and factories are some of sources of air pollution . ____________
4/ Only factories are the main source of air pollution ._________
5/ Air pollution is the only problem of the environment in this passage .
6/ Some areas are unfit for swimming because of the city wastes .____________
7/ The amount of the garbage in large cities reduces each year ._________
8/ Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution . ______________

III/ Read the passage and answer the question :
Everyone wants to reduce pollution, but the pollution problem is as complicated as it is serious.
It is complicated because much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example,
exhaust from motorbikes causes large percentage of air pollution. But the automobile provides
transportation to millions of people. Factories discharge much of the material that pollutes air
and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people.
Thus, to end or reduce pollution immediately, people would have to stop using many things that
benefit them . Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be gradually
reduced in many ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount of
pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce
laws that require businesses and individuals to stop or to cut down on certain polluting activities.
True ( T ) or False ( F ) :
1. All people want to reduce pollution_____
2. Pollution problem is neither complicated nor serious_____
3. Pollution is brought about by things that benefit people_____

4. People have to sacrifice what they have to stop or reduce pollution_____
5. The government can't do anything to stop or reduce pollution.______
IV/ Read the passage and answer the questions:
Every day on radio, on TV and in the newspapers, we hear , see, read about many problems in
the world , for example , pollution problems.
Air pollution is the first kind. It mostly comes from fumes released from motorbikes, cars,
airplanes, trains and poisonous gases emitted from factories. Also, waste is dumped anywhere even
in the city where many people are living. The second pollution is sea pollution. Many people earn
their living from fishing the sea, and the fish they catch feed many people. But the sea has become so
polluted from oil spills and factory wastes that the fish are dying. This pollution is not only killing the
fish, but also affecting those people who eat fish.
Seldom do you find a place nowadays that is not polluted. This problem is growing more
difficult every day. We must find a good solution that makes the world a better place to live.
True — False — Not given?
1. Pollution is one of the city's problems_____
2. Exhaust fume comes from vehicles , airplane and factories_____
3. People pollute seas from dynamite fishing____
4. You can find easily a place nowadays that is not polluted_____

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks 44–48.

It is true that keeping fit will benefit a person’s health in many ways. It has become clear in recent years, that a large number of people are doing less and less exercise and this is now causing many serious illnesses, putting a strain on doctors and hospitals. However, some experts believe that too much exercise can do just as much (44)________.

Although it is true that moderate exercise such as walking can be very beneficial to a person’s health, it is not the only one factor (45)_______ keeps us healthy. Diet is also extremely important and I would argue that it is probably even more important than exercise, although the ideal is for both of these factors to work together. It seems to me that many people are unwilling to put in the effort required to become fitter.

(46)_______, too much exercise can also cause problems. So people are urged to take moderate exercise and eat moderately healthily rather than embarking on extreme diets and training. In too many instances, ultra–fit people have had heart attacks or dropped down dead.

In all, governments need to find ways of (47)________ people to take responsibility for their own health. People need to realize that eating healthy food does not have to cost a (48)________, nor is it difficult to prepare healthy meals themselves. People need to be better educated about their health.

Điền vào ô 46

A. For example

B. However

C. Therefore

D. In fact