a, \(\dfrac{x}{2}=-\dfrac{5}{y}\Rightarrow xy=-10\Rightarrow x;y\inƯ\left(-10\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm5;\pm10\right\}\)

c, \(\dfrac{3}{x-1}=y+1\Rightarrow\left(y+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=3\Rightarrow x-1;y+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)

b: =>xy=12

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(12;1\right);\left(6;2\right);\left(4;3\right)\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{y+3}\)  Đk (\(y\ne-3\))⇒ \(\dfrac{2x+3}{6}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{y+3}\) ⇒ (2\(x\)+3)(y+3) = 6

Ư(6) = { -6; -3; -2; -1; 1; 2; 3; 6}

Lập bảng ta có:

Từ bảng trên ta có các cặp \(x\), y nguyên thỏa mãn đề bài là:

(\(x\), y) = ( -3; -5); ( -2; -9); ( -1; 3); (0; -1); 

Lời giải:
$\frac{2}{x}+\frac{y}{3}=\frac{1}{6}$

$\frac{6+xy}{3x}=\frac{1}{6}$

$\frac{2(6+xy)}{6x}=\frac{x}{6x}$

$\Rightarrow 2(6+xy)=x$

$\Rightarrow 12+2xy-x=0$

$12=x-2xy$

$12=x(1-2y)$

$\Rightarrow 1-2y$ là ước của $12$

Mà $1-2y$ lẻ nên $1-2y$ là ước lẻ của $12$

$\Rightarrow 1-2y\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 3\right\}$

$\Rightarrow y\in\left\{0; 1; 2; -1\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in\left\{12; -12; -4; 4\right\}$ (tương ứng)

Bài 1: 

b) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne3\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{3-x}{20}=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{-20}=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=100\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=10\\x-3=-10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=13\left(nhận\right)\\x=-7\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{13;-7\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{x-1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)

\(\dfrac{x-1}{9}+\dfrac{3}{9}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)

\(\dfrac{x-1+3}{9}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)

\(\dfrac{x-\left(1-3\right)}{9}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)

\(\dfrac{x-\left(-2\right)}{9}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)

\(\dfrac{x+2}{9}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)

\(\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)=9\)

=> (X+2) ; (y+2) ϵ Ư(9)

TH1: x+2 = 1 => x = -1

y+2=9 => y = 7

TH2: x+2 = 9 => x = 7

=> y +2 = 1 => y =-1

TH3:x+2 = -9 => x = -11

y+2 = -1 => y=-3

TH4: x+2 = -1 => x =-3

y+2 = -9 => x=-11

TH5: x+2 = -3 => x =-5

y+2 = -3 => y=-5

TH6: x+2 =3 =>  x = 1

y+2=3 => y=1

b, Ta có : \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}\)

Đặt \(x=15k;y=20k;z=24k\)

Thay vào A ta được : \(A=\dfrac{30k+60k+96k}{45k+80k+120k}=\dfrac{186k}{245k}=\dfrac{186}{245}\)

lk

a, \(\dfrac{x}{7}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{y}{y+1}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-7}{14}=\dfrac{y}{y+1}\Rightarrow\left(2x-7\right)\left(y+1\right)=14y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy+2x-7y-7=14y\Leftrightarrow2xy+2x-21y-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(y+1\right)-21\left(y+1\right)+14=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-21\right)\left(y+1\right)=-14\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-21;y+1\inƯ\left(-14\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm7;\pm14\right\}\)

=>(xy+7)/7y=-1/14

=>xy+7=-1/2y

=>2xy+14=y

=>y(2x-1)=-14

=>(y;2x-1) thuộc {(-14;1); (14;-1); (-2;7); (2;-7)}
=>(y,x) thuộc {(-14;1); (14;0); (-2;4); (2;-3)}

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)=>\(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

=>3(x+y)=xy

=>3x+3y=xy

=>3x=xy-3y

=>3x=y(x-3)

=>y=\(\dfrac{3x}{x-3}\)

* Vì y nguyên nên 3x ⋮ x-3 

=>3(x-3)+9 ⋮x-3

=>9 ⋮ x-3

=>x-3∈Ư(9)

=>x-3∈{1;-1;3;-3;9;-9}

=>x∈{4;2;6;0;12;-6} mà x nguyên dương và x khác 0 nên x∈{4;2;6;12}

=>y∈{12;-6;6;4} mà y nguyên dương nên y∈{12;6;4}

=>x∈{4;6;12}

- Vậy x=4 thì y=12 ; x=6 thì y=6 ; x=12 thì y=4.