\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+b^2a+c^2b=b^2c+c^2a+a^2b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b;b=c;c=a\)

Làm nốt nhé

\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+b^2a+c^2b=b^2c+c^2a+a^2b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b;b=c;c=a\)

Ta thấy : mỗi số hạng đều xuất hiện 2 lần và chúng đều bằng nhau.

  Mà  tổng của  \(a+b+c=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=1;b=1;c=1\)

1, \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Do đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=b+c+d\left(1\right)\\3b=a+c+d\left(2\right)\\3c=a+b+d\left(3\right)\\3d=a+b+c\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b\right)=a+b+2c+2d\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b\right)=2\left(c+d\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b=c+d\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=1\)

Tương tự cũng có: \(\dfrac{b+c}{a+d}=1;\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}=1;\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow A=4\)

2, Có \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}=\dfrac{y^3}{64}=\dfrac{z^3}{216}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+16+36}=\dfrac{14}{56}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Do đó \(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=4\\z^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm2\\z=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;2;3\right),\left(-1;-2;-3\right)\)

Bài 2 :

a, Ta có : \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}=\dfrac{y^3}{64}=\dfrac{z^3}{216}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+16+36}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=4\\z^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm2\\z=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...

b, Ta có : \(\dfrac{2x+1}{5}=\dfrac{3y-2}{7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{5+7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{6x}\)

\(\Rightarrow6x=12\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2\)

\(\Rightarrow y=3\)

Vậy ...

Cách 1 . \(A=\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\)

Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x\); \(\frac{b-c}{a}=y\) ; \(\frac{c-a}{b}=z\)

Ta có : \(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}}{\frac{c-a}{b}}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+cb\left(b-c\right)}{ac\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{b\left(b-a-c\right)}{ac}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

tương tự : \(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\); \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+1+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+1\)

\(=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)

Áp dụng bài toán phụ : Nếu a + b + c = 0 thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) (có thể chứng minh bằng cách rút a = - b - c  rồi thay vào tổng ba lập phương) được : 

\(A=3+\frac{2}{abc}.3abc=3+6=9\)

Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x=>\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{1}{x}\)

\(\frac{b-c}{a}=y=>\frac{a}{b-c}=y\)

\(\frac{c-a}{b}=z=>\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{1}{z}\)

=>\(A=\left(x+y+z\right).\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

=>\(A=x.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+y.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+z.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

=>\(A=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+1+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+1+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\)

=>\(A=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\right)\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{c-a}{b}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{ab-b^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2-ac}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{ab-b^2+c^2-ac}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{\left(ab-ac\right)-\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{a.\left(b-c\right)-\left(b+c\right).\left(b-c\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).\left(b-c\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).\left(b-c\right).a}{\left(b-c\right).bc}=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).a}{bc}=\frac{\left(a+a-a-b-c\right).a}{bc}\)

\(=\frac{\left[2a-\left(a+b+c\right)\right].a}{bc}\)

Vì a+b+c=0

=>\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{\left(2a-0\right).a}{bc}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:

\(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}=3+\frac{3a^3}{abc}+\frac{3b^3}{abc}+\frac{3c^3}{abc}\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3}{abc}\)

=>\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)

Vì a+b+c=0

=>a=-(b+c)

=>\(a^3=\left[-\left(b+c\right)\right]^3\)

=>\(a^3=-\left(b+c\right)^3\)

=>\(a^3=-\left[b^3+3bc.\left(b+c\right)+c^3\right]\)

=>\(a^3=-b^3-3bc.\left(b+c\right)-c^3\)

=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3bc.\left(b+c\right)\)

Vì a+b+c=0=>b+c=-a

=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3bc.\left(-a\right)\)

=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

Thay vào A, ta có:

\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=3+\frac{6.abc}{abc}=3+6=9\)

=>A=9

Vậy A=9

Cách 2. Đặt \(P=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\) ; \(Q=\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)}{abc}\)

Xét riêng : \(ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)=ab\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=\left[-ab\left(b-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)\right]+\left[-ab\left(c-a\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\right]\)

\(=b.\left(c-a\right).\left(b-c\right)+a\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)=\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\)

Vậy : \(P=\frac{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{abc}\)

Tiếp theo, rút gọn Q như sau : 

Đặt \(x=b-c\); \(y=c-a\); \(z=a-b\)

Ta có : \(x-y=a+b-2c=-c-2c=-3c\)

\(y-z=b+c-2a=-a-2a=-3a\)

\(z-x=c+a-2b=-b-2b=-3b\)

\(\Rightarrow3Q=\frac{-\left(y-z\right)}{x}+\frac{-\left(z-x\right)}{y}+\frac{-\left(x-y\right)}{z}\)\(\Rightarrow-3Q=\frac{y-z}{x}+\frac{z-x}{y}+\frac{x-y}{z}\)

Rút gọn tương tự như P, ta được : \(-3Q=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{xyz}=\frac{\left(-3c\right).\left(-3a\right).\left(3b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=-\frac{9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

Vậy : \(A=PQ=\frac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)}{abc}.\frac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow A=9\)

Gọi \(M=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\)      ta có :

\(M\frac{c}{a-b}=1+\frac{c}{a-b}\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\)

\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)

\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}\)

\(=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Tương tự  \(M.\frac{a}{b-c}=1+\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

và  \(M.\frac{b}{c-a}=1+\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

Vậy \(A=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)

( Vì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\).  Lại do  . ( Phân tích là ra hết ).\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)

=> ....

bài này trong sách nâng cao phát triển tập 1 

Gọi \(M=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b},\)ta có :

\(M.\frac{c}{a-b}=1+\frac{c}{a-b}\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)

\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Tương tự : \(M.\frac{a}{b-c}=1+\frac{2a^3}{abc},M.\frac{b}{c-a}=1+\frac{2b^3}{abc}.\)

Vậy \(A=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)

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cảm ơn bn nha!!!

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}=a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+a.\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b^2+b.\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c^2+c.\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}=a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+b+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+c=a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}=0\left(dpcm\right)\)

\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)

+ Ta có

\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b}{\left(a+b\right)+2\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)+2\left(c+d\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b\right)=2\left(c+d\right)\Rightarrow a+b=c+d\)

Tương tự ta cũng c/m được

\(b+c=a+d\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

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