\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}}\Rightarrow P^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{x}+2\sqrt{xy}\)

\(P^2=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}\right)-2\sqrt{xy}\)

\(P^2\ge3x+3y-2\sqrt{xy}\ge3\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=2\left(x+y\right)=4038\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{4038}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{2019}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y-2019}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\)

Lại có:

\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\dfrac{2019-y}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2019-x}{\sqrt{x}}\\ =\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{y}}-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)

\(\Rightarrow2P=\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{y}}=2019\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\ge2019\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt[4]{xy}}\\ \ge2019\dfrac{2}{\sqrt[2]{\dfrac{x+y}{2}}}=2019\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2019}{2}}}=2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2019}\)

Dấu = khi \(x=y=\dfrac{2019}{2}\)

\(A\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{x+y}=9\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)

                                    Lời giải

Dư đoán xảy ra cực trị tại \(x=y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

Ta biến đổi P như sau: \(P=\left(2x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(2y+\frac{1}{y}\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\ge2\sqrt{2x.\frac{1}{x}}+2\sqrt{2y.\frac{1}{y}}-\left(x+y\right)\)\(=4\sqrt{2}-\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=4\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{x^2.\frac{1}{2}}+\sqrt{y^2.\frac{1}{2}}\right)\)

\(\ge4\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\left(\frac{x^2+y^2+1}{2}\right)=4\sqrt{2}-1\sqrt{2}=3\sqrt{2}\)

Vậy ...

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Câu hỏi của Con Heo - Toán lớp 8 - Học trực tuyến OLM

Nếu tồn tại 1 số bằng 0 \(\Rightarrow P=1\)

Nếu x;y đều dương:

\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(P_{min}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài này có thể tìm được cả max:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+1}\le x\\x+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x+1}\le y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x}{y+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+1}\le x+y=1\)

\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right)\) và hoán vị

\(P=\dfrac{1}{y}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{y}.\dfrac{4}{x+z}=\dfrac{4}{y\left(x+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{\left(y+x+z\right)^2}{4}}=4\)

\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

M=x+yxy.1z≥2√xyxy.1z=2z√xy≥2z(x+y2)=4z(x+y)M=x+yxy.1z≥2xyxy.1z=2zxy≥2z(x+y2)=4z(x+y)

=4z(1−z)=414−(z−12)2≥16=4z(1−z)=414−(z−12)2≥16

Min M= 16 khi  z=1/2 và  x=y =1/4

Gợi ý: \(\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)