Sử dụng ý nghĩa hình học của tích phân, tính:
a) \(\int\limits^2_1\left(2x+1\right)dx;\) b) \(\int\limits^3_{-3}\left(\sqrt{9-x^2}\right)dx.\)
Bài tập: Tính.
b, \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}_0cos2xdx\) d, \(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{dx}{\left(2x-1\right)^2}\)
c, \(\int\limits^1_{-1}\left(2x+1\right)^3dx\)
\(b=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}_0cos2xd\left(2x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x|^{\dfrac{\pi}{6}}_0=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(c=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^1_{-1}\left(2x+1\right)^3d\left(2x+1\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2x+1\right)^4|^1_{-1}=10\)
\(d=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{d\left(2x-1\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\left(2x-1\right)}|^2_1=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Tính tích phân bằng định nghĩa và các tính chất:
1. \(\int\limits^e_1\left(x+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)dx\)
2. \(\int\limits^2_1\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)dx\)
3. \(\int\limits^2_1\frac{2x^3-4x+5}{x}dx\)
4. \(\int\limits^2_1x^2\left(3x-1\right)\frac{2}{x}dx\)
1/ \(\int\limits^e_1\left(x+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)dx=\left(\frac{x^2}{2}+lnx-\frac{1}{x}\right)|^e_1=\frac{e^2}{2}-\frac{1}{e}+\frac{3}{2}\)
2/ \(\int\limits^2_1\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(x\sqrt{x}+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(x^{\frac{3}{2}}+1\right)dx\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{5}.x^{\frac{5}{2}}+x\right)|^2_1=\frac{8\sqrt{2}-7}{5}\)
3/
\(\int\limits^2_1\frac{2x^3-4x+5}{x}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(2x^2-4+\frac{5}{x}\right)dx=\left(\frac{2}{3}x^3-4x+5lnx\right)|^2_1=\frac{2}{3}+5ln2\)
4/ \(\int\limits^2_1x^2\left(3x-1\right)\frac{2}{x}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(6x^2-2x\right)dx=\left(2x^3-x^2\right)|^2_1=11\)
Cho \(\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx\) = -3 . Giá trị của \(\int\limits^2_1\left[3f\left(x\right)-2x\right]dx\) bằng
\(\int\limits^2_1\left[3f\left(x\right)-2x\right]dx=3\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^2_12xdx=3.\left(-3\right)-x^2|^2_1\)
\(=-9-3=-12\)
Tính cách tích phân sau :
a) \(\int\limits^1_0\left(1+3x\right)^{\dfrac{3}{2}}dx\)
b) \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{x^3-1}{x^2-1}dx\)
c) \(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{ln\left(1+x\right)}{x^2}dx\)
Sử dụng phương pháp tính tích phân từng phần, hãy tính :
a) \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{2}}_0\left(x+1\right)\sin x.dx\)
b) \(\int\limits^e_1x^2lnxdx\)
c) \(\int\limits^1_0ln\left(1+x\right)dx\)
d) \(\int\limits^1_0\left(x^2-2x-1\right)e^{-x}dx\)
1, I = \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx\)
2,\(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{5xdx}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}\)
3, \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)^3}dx\)
4, \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}dx\)
5, \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^6-9}\)
6, \(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2x-1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)}dx\)
1/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+x+1}=ln\left|x^2+x+1\right||^1_0=ln3\)
2/ \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{5x}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}dx=-\dfrac{5}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{d\left(1-x^2\right)}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(1-x^2\right)^2}|^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0=\dfrac{35}{36}\)
3/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)^3}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x+1=t\Rightarrow x=t-1\Rightarrow dx=dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=1\\x=1\Rightarrow t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2\left(t-1\right)dt}{t^3}=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{2}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t^3}\right)dt=\left(\dfrac{-2}{t}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}\right)|^2_1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
4/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}dx\)
Kĩ thuật chung là tách và sử dụng hệ số bất định như sau:
\(\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{ax+b}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{x+2}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)x^2+\left(2a+b\right)x+2b+c}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=0\\2a+b=4\\2b+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=0\\a=-c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+1}-2\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=ln\dfrac{8}{9}\)
5/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^6-9}\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x^3=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\Rightarrow x^2dx=\dfrac{1}{3}dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2-9}=\dfrac{1}{18}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{t-3}-\dfrac{1}{t+3}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{18}ln\left|\dfrac{t-3}{t+3}\right||^1_0=-\dfrac{1}{18}ln2\)
6/ Tương tự câu 4, sử dụng hệ số bất định ta tách được:
\(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2x-1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3x-1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=\left(3ln\left|\dfrac{x}{x+1}\right|+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=3ln\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng phương pháp tính tích phân, hãy tính các tích phân sau :
a) \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{2}}_0x\cos2xdx\)
b) \(\int\limits^{\ln2}_0xe^{-2x}dx\)
c) \(\int\limits^1_0\ln\left(2x+1\right)dx\)
d) \(\int\limits^3_2\left|\ln\left(x-1\right)-\ln\left(x+1\right)\right|dx\)
e) \(\int\limits^2_{\dfrac{1}{2}}\left(1+x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)e^{x+\dfrac{1}{x}}dx\)
g) \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{\pi}{2}}_0x\cos x\sin^2xdx\)
h) \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{xe^x}{\left(1+x\right)^2}dx\)
i) \(\int\limits^e_1\dfrac{1+x\ln x}{x}e^xdx\)
2a. Đề sai, nhìn biểu thức \(\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{f'\left(x\right)}dx\) là thấy
2b. Đồ thị hàm số không cắt Ox trên \(\left(0;1\right)\) nên diện tích cần tìm:
\(S=\int\limits^1_0\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)dx=\dfrac{38}{15}\)
3a. Phương trình (P) theo đoạn chắn:
\(\dfrac{x}{4}+\dfrac{y}{-1}+\dfrac{z}{-2}=1\)
3b. Câu này đề sai, đề cho mặt phẳng (Q) rồi thì sao lại còn viết pt mặt phẳng (Q) nữa?
3b. \(\overrightarrow{n_{\left(Q\right)}}=\left(3;-1;-2\right)\)
Do (P) song song (Q) nên (P) cũng nhận \(\left(3;-1;-2\right)\) là 1 vtpt
Do đó pt (P) có dạng:
\(3\left(x-0\right)-1\left(y-0\right)-2\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-y-2z+2=0\)
Cho hàm số f(x) liên tục trên R và \(\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx=6\). Tính tích phân I = \(\int\limits^2_0f\left(2x+2\right)dx\)
Đặt \(2x+2=u\Rightarrow2xdx=du\Rightarrow dx=\dfrac{1}{2}du\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow u=2\\x=2\Rightarrow u=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^6_2f\left(u\right).\dfrac{1}{2}du=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^6_2f\left(u\right)du=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{2}.6=3\)
Tính các tích phân sau
1.I=\(\int\limits^{\frac{\Pi}{4}}_0\) (x+1)sin2xdx
2.I=\(\int\limits^2_1\frac{x^2+3x+1}{x^2+x}dx\)
3.I=\(\int\limits^2_1\frac{x^2-1}{x^2}lnxdx\)
4. I=\(\int\limits^1_0x\sqrt{2-x^2}dx\)
5.I=\(\int\limits^1_0\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}dx\)
6. I=\(\int\limits^5_1\frac{dx}{1+\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
7. I=\(\int\limits^3_1\frac{1+ln\left(x+1\right)}{x^2}dx\)
8.I=\(\int\limits^1_0\frac{x^3}{x^4+3x^2+2}dx\)
9. I=\(\int\limits^{\frac{\Pi}{4}}_0x\left(1+sin2x\right)dx\)
10. I=\(\int\limits^3_0\frac{x}{\sqrt{x+1}}dx\)