\(P=\dfrac{x^4+x^3-3x-1}{x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-2x}{x^2+x+1}=x^2-1-\dfrac{2x}{x^2+x+1}\)

Vì x \(\in Z\) nên để P \(\in Z\) thì : \(\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\in Z\) 

Đặt \(A=\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\) . Với x = 0 ; ta có : \(P=-1\in Z\)

Với x khác 0 ; ta có : \(A=\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1}\)

Nếu x > 0 ; ta có : \(0< A\le\dfrac{1}{3}\) ( vì \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge2\) )  => Ko tồn tại g/t nguyên của A (L) 

Nếu x < 0 ; ta có : \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\le-2\)  \(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1\le-1\) 

Suy ra : \(0>A\ge\dfrac{1}{-1}=-1\)  \(\Rightarrow A=-1\) 

" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

x = -1 ; ta có : P = 2 \(\in Z\) (t/m) 

Vậy ... 

a: ĐKXĐ: x∉{1;-1;2}

\(P=\left(\frac{x}{x+1}-\frac{1}{1-x}+\frac{1}{1-x^2}\right):\frac{x-2}{x^2-1}\)

\(=\left(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right)\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\)

\(=\frac{x\left(x-1\right)+x+1-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-x+x}{x-2}=\frac{x^2}{x-2}\)

b: Để P nguyên thì \(x^2\) ⋮x-2

=>\(x^2-4+4\) ⋮x-2

=>4⋮x-2

=>x-2∈{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4}

=>x∈{3;1;4;0;6;-2}

Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: x∈{3;4;0;6;-2}

c: \(P=\frac{x^2}{x-2}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-4+4}{x-2}=x+2+\frac{4}{x-2}=x-2+\frac{4}{x-2}+4\ge2\cdot\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\cdot\frac{4}{x-2}}+4\)

=>P>=2*2+4=8

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x-2\right)^2=4\)

=>x-2=2

=>x=4(nhận)

\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x-1}\right)-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\) đk: \(x\ge0,x\ne1\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)}\right]-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

b)Để P<4 \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 4\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-4< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6-3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}>0\\\sqrt{x}-1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}< 0\\\sqrt{x}-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 2\\\sqrt{x}< 1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>2\\\sqrt{x}>1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 1\\\sqrt{x}>2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\le x< 1\\x>4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy...

c)\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) \(=1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

Để P nguyên khi \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) nguyên

\(x\in Z\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}\in Z\\\sqrt{x}\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\\\sqrt{x}-1\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tại \(\sqrt{x}-1\in I\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\notin Z\) (L)

Tại\(\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\) .Để \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-1;1;-3;3\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;-2;4\right\}\) mà \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;4\right\}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;4;16\right\}\) (tm)

giúp mình với , mình cảm ơn ạ ! 

\(pt:x^2-2mx+m-4=0\left(1\right)\)

\(\Delta'=\left(-m\right)^2-\left(m-4\right)=m^2-m+4=m^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}m+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+4\)

\(=\left(m-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{6}>0\left(\forall m\right)\)

=> \(pt\left(1\right)\) luôn có 2 nghiệm phân biệt x1,x2 \(\forall m\)

\(Theo\) \(\)Vi ét\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x1+x2=2m\left(1\right)\\x1x2=m-4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

từ(1)

với \(x1x2=m-4=>m=x1x2+4\)

thay \(m=x1x2+4\) vào (1)\(\)\(=>x1+x2=2\left(x1x2+4\right)\)

\(< =>x1+x2=2x1x2+8\)

\(< =>x1+x2-2x1x2=8\)

\(< =>2x1+2x2-4x1x2=16\)

\(=>2x1\left(1-2x2\right)-\left(1-2x2\right)=15\)

\(< =>\left(2x1-1\right)\left(1-2x2\right)=16\)(3)

để (3) nguyên \(< =>\left(2x1-1\right)\left(1-2x2\right)\inƯ\left(16\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8;\pm16\right\}\)

đến đây bạn tự lập bảng giá trị để tìm x1,x2 rồi từ đó thay thế x1,x2 vào(2) để tìm m nhé (mik ko làm nữa dài lắm)