I. Read the following article. Ten sentences or parts of a sentence have been removed form the article. Choose from the list (A-L) the one which best fits each gaps (1-10). There are two extra options which you do not need to use.                                                PARENT TALK

It is well known that (1)____ . One of the most common things that parents do is (2)____. In fact, over 40% of what parents say to their young children is questions. This is much, much more question asking than you will hear (3)____ . Parent – child questioning falls into a few different categories. Most common is a “test question”. Parents often ask this kind of questions to find out (4)____ . For example, a father may ask, “what’s that?” when a child picks up a toy. Obviously, the father knows the answer; he just asks to see (5)____ . Very young children enjoy and benefit from questions like such. These questions are different from “request for information”. (6)____ is when a child is in the living room and the mother is in the kitchen and asks, “What are you doing?”(7)____. “Directives” are often stated (8)____. For example, a parent might say, “can you put these toys away?” or “Put these toys away, OK?” (9)____ but simply to follow the direction. “Interaction markers” are also common.(10)____. For example, if a father doesn’t understand what a child is saying, he might say, “what?” Or if the child doesn’t answer, he might say, “Huh?” Some language experts think that asking a lot of all these types of questions helps children to learn language more quickly.

List of sentences/ parts of sentences

A. if the child knows what it is

B. Parents ask these types of questions in order to keep a conservation going C. as a request or as a command in question form

D. so that everything is clear

E. The parent actually wants to know

F. An example of this type of question

G. what a child knows

H. young children learn a lot from their parents

I. The child can always understand them

J. The parent does not expect the child to answer

K. when adults talk to adults

L. ask their children questions
GIÚP MÌNH VỚI MỌI NGƯỜI

Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer A - H. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.

A Life Less Ordinary

Staring at the laptop screen, I was overwhelmed with numbers, charts, and reports. I had always dreamt of a job where I could make a difference, not just crunch numbers. (16) ……… . Fresh out of college, the allure of a stable job with a handsome paycheck seemed irresistible.

I remember the day I got the job offer; my parents were over the moon, thinking their child had finally secured a future. However, every day as I sat in my cubicle, a voice inside me questioned if this was it. Was this the life I wanted? Or was I destined for something more meaningful? (17) ……… .

Six months into the job, I came across an advertisement about a teaching opportunity in a remote village in Africa. It was an initiative to educate children who had never been to school. (18) ……… . The position was unpaid, but it promised an experience of a lifetime. Without a second thought, I applied, much to the dismay of my family and friends.

Today, I find myself in a small village, surrounded by eager kids with a thirst for knowledge. No longer am I confined to a cubicle; the vast African savannah is my new office. I may not have the comforts of my old life, but the smiles on these kids' faces are worth more than any paycheck. (19) ……… .

I have realized that life is not about earning but about making a difference. These children have taught me the value of education, and every day, I strive to give them the best. (20) ……… . They might not have fancy gadgets, but their dreams are as big as any, and I am here to help them achieve those dreams.

A. The corporate world was not as glamorous as I had imagined.

B. I was initially unsure if I was making the right decision.

C. They were concerned about my safety and the challenges I would face.

D. The idea of teaching had always been close to my heart.

E. The excitement of the first month soon wore off, replaced by monotony.

F. The landscape, though beautiful, also posed many challenges.

G. Every day, I am reminded of the impact one person can have.

H. The children come to school with a spark in their eyes.

Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.

LEARNING A LANGUAGE

Whatever your reason for learning a new language, you can probably agree it'd be ideal to learn in fast. …….(16)……. . You'll have to learn a new grammar, memorise vocabulary words, practise speaking, etc. But learning a new language does not need to be a slow or boring process if you flow the right strategy.

The first step to learning a new language fast is to set goals. When you think about it, this makes a lot of sense. …….(17)……. When faced with the idea of learning a new language, most of us feel nervous. Setting goals helps you to focus.

Languages are made up of a shocking number of words. English, for example, has between 600,000 and 1 million words. …….(18)……. Consider this: the top 100 words make up about 50 percent of English language texts, and the top 1,000 words make up about 90 percent! By focusing on learning these words first, you can increase the amount of information you understand very quickly.

One of the best ways to learn vocabulary words is to use flashcards. Flashcards allow you to test yourself, which helps you memorise new information. Try out electronic flash cards. …….(19)……. You can easily carry large amounts of words on your smartphone or tablet, and you can take advantage of flash cards that other people have created and made public.

When you're learning a new language, it can be hard to practise words in context because you haven't mastered yet enough vocabulary to make complex sentences. …….(20)……. . For example, if you're learning the Spanish word casa (house), you could say, “I’m going to go to my casa now.” You can also make up a sentence with the new word you’re learning, the meaning of the word and a word in your own language that sounds similar.

A. Paper flashcards work just as well but electronic flash card programmes provide some great benefits.

B. But in reality, having goals doesn't help you achieve much.

C. If you don't set goals, how can you know what you want to achieve?

D. At this time, there is no point even trying to remember the word.

E. Luckily, you don't need to learn anywhere near that many words to be good at a language.

F. You should aim to learn about 5,000 words in a couple of weeks.

G. To get around this, simply use the word in a sentence in your native language.

H. Yet the idea of learning a language seems anything but fast.

• You are going to read the article below. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from line sentences      A - F the one which fits each gap (1 - 5).

                                                                                       SOCIAL MEDIA AND FRIENDSHIP

   Having too many friends does not sound like the kind of thing anyone should really be too concerned about. After all, what can be wrong with having a wider group of people to hang out with? According to the latest figures, the average number of friends people have with social media is somewhere between 200 and 300. (1) __________ But is this a realistic amount? Is it feasible to maintain meaningful relationships with so many people, in particular those you may never actually meet in person? 

   Nowadays, we are just one click away from making new friends on social media. (2) __________ For instance, when I see that a friend has updated their profile with snaps from their latest holiday, I'd typically reply with a comment like “Wow, looks great!” even though in actual fact, it doesn’t. The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will respond with a similarly appreciative comment, so I’ll feel better about myself. 

   Not long ago, I got chatting to someone at a concert, who told me that she loved going to gigs. We got along pretty well that evening, even though the music was so loud! We even swapped numbers and added each other on social media. Now, I see her pop up in my feed now and again and I ‘like’ her photos from various gigs she’s been to, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never arrange to meet up in real life. 

   (3) __________ That being said, we’re living in a time where we expect things to happen instantly, so is it really all that surprising that the way we form friendships has adapted to this trend? Perhaps it shows how social media has made friendships less sincere, reducing them to a series of meaningless ‘adds’ and ‘likes’. 

   Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few trivial online exchanges. (4) __________ And these for me - and I believe for most other people too - are much more valuable and meaningful. It’s something that cannot be replicated on social media, no matter how many times you have ‘liked’ a person’s posts. 

   It has been suggested that technology is ruining our relationships with other people. (5) __________ However, it seems undeniable that it has now altered people’s priorities, and transformed the way that we manage our friendships in the most fundamental ways. Ultimately, though, it’s up to us to decide how real and meaningful those friendships truly are.

+ SENTENCES:

A. Personally I wouldn't go so far as to say that.

B. Research suggests that this figure is actually higher for teenagers. 

C. Social media has made this kind of problem increasingly more common.

D. It's taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting bonds.

E. This has led some people to question just how sincere the friendship is.

F. It could be argued that this is just another example of how life has changed in recent years.

READING 

You are going to read an article about a national vote for people’s favourite tree. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (65-70). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

                       TREE OF THE YEAR

The aim of the national Tree of the Year competition is to promote and celebrate the most interesting trees around the country. Images and descriptions of a shortlist of 28 trees are put online and the public are asked to vote for their favourite.

The four trees that gain the most votes before 5 p.m. on 5th October will be given a grant of £1,000. In addition, all trees that receive 1,000 or more votes will get a grant of £500. The grants may be spent on a tree health check or advice from a tree expert, or an educational event, for example. (65) ………………. 

Among the 28 shortlisted trees there are a wide range of tree species, each with its own unique, fascinating story. For example, the ‘Ding Dong’ tree is a copper beech tree growing in a primary school playground. It was named the ‘Ding Dong’ tree because of a game pupils invented in which they race to touch its trunk, shouting ‘Ding Dong!’ The protective space underneath the 50-year-old tree is used as a magical outdoor classroom, while the indoor classroom displays pictures of the tree through each season of the year. (66) ……………….

Many of the other trees in the competition are remarkable for their age alone. The Craigends Yew, for example, is thought to be up to 700 years old, making it one of the oldest in Scotland. It is an amazing sight as many of its branches have layered. (67) ………………. As a result of these extra growths, the total size when measured around the tree’s crown (the main body of its leaves and branches) is a massive 100 metres.

Another very old tree, the Holm Oak in Kilbroney Park, Northern Ireland, is much loved by local people. It measures 3.6 metres around the trunk, and its beautiful bark looks like the skin of a snake. (68) ………………. The advantage of this lack of uprightness is that young children can climb safely and easily on it. Kilbroney Park is home to many remarkable trees, but this tree was chosen as the favourite by community members.

A 500-year-old veteran oak tree stands in the ancient woodland pasture at Carngafallt in Wales. One of the interesting things about this twisted, hollow tree is that it has several ‘air trees’ growing out of it. An ‘air tree’ is one growing without its roots touching the ground. (69) ………………. It extends its roots down inside the oak’s hollow trunk.

The original Bramley apple tree in Nottinghamshire is younger than many in this competition, but is the famous parent of all modern Bramley apple trees. (70) ………………. Many years later, Matthew Bramley, the new owner of the tree, was carrying some of his fruit when he met a gardener called Henry Merryweather. Henry asked if he could take some cuttings from Matthew's trees to grow his own trees. Mr Bramley agreed, provided they were named ‘Bramley's Seedling’.

You are going to read an article about fitness website on the internet. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

The benefits of fitness online training

                  Thanks to Internet you can now get into shape dressed in your pyjamas. By Lucy Atkins

Fitness experts these days generally agree that “natural exercise” is the answr to our unhealthy lifestyles. An activity such as stair- climbing or running for the bus, they say, gets the heart rate going for five or ten minutes, several times a day, without the boredom of going to a gym or jogging round the park.

But thanks to the Internet it is now at least theorically possible to get into great shape without even changing out of your pyjamas. The web is packed with creative, instant and varied excercises that are often avalablefree. Just start typing and watch the kilos disappear.

Joanna Hall is a fitness expert who has set up a walking club on the Internet. At her Walkative website, she promises that in six weeks you can achieve a 25% increase in fitness levels by following her activity programme based entirely on walking. “These days people are used to finding that what they need online,” she says.

 Perhaps the best way to deal with this problem is just to have a look around and see what’s out there

One click of your mouse can take you, for instance, straight into an aerobics, dance and yoga class, or introduce you to a variety of other lively activities. You can put together your own strength training programmes, concentrate on particularly week body parts or learn new ways of getting fit.

There are so many possibilities that you could spend the entire day sitting on your chair just surfing the websites and chatting with all these new friends you have made.

Quality, however, can be hardeer to find. Some sites try to attempt you into buying DVDs after they’ve started you off with free beginners” programmes.

 Sometimes the quality of the picture or the sound can be extremely poor.

You have to put up with advertisements that suddenly appear on the screen, and there is the annoying tendency of some computers suddenly to pause in the middle of an activity, then return to the the beginning of the video when you start clicking the mouse.

“ Online programmes allow you to fit your training times around other things you have to do, such as going to collge or work,´says Hall. “They can be a very effective and achievable way to exercise, something you can do all year round.” You can use them any time of the day or night, in an office, hotel room or at home. In addition, you do not have to

turn up at a gym or studio on time, wear embreassing clothing, or deal with  annoyingly fit people.

If a particular fitness programme doesn’t fit you, the website may suggest ways of adjusting it to your own needs. It should also, most importantly, offer advice on healthier living in general.

 Some sites will help you brig this about by providing charts showing how much change you can expect for a given amount of exercise. They may even encourage you to keep to your training programme by sending you regular emails, perhaps including a daily “fit tip”

All that is fine, but the trouble is that you do also need to have a certain amount of self-displine to ensure that you keep going once you have started. 

There’s also the danger that family, friends or colleagues could some in and start laughing at you at any time. And there is a risk of injury if you don’t follow the more comples instructions ( though this issue arises with exercise DVDs and poorly taught classes too). Still, if you want a cheap, possibly fuuny and definitely varied ways to get fit, then sit back and surf.

• You are going to read a magazine article about a painting created by a computer. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap (1 – 6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

                                                                                     A computer-generated painting

   Born in Amsterdam in 1606, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn is one of the world’s most renowned artists. The prolific painter was famous for his portraits and was admired for his ability to capture real emotions. Unfortunately, like many artists of his time, Rembrandt’s talents were not recognized during his lifetime. The artist died penniless in 1669, after suffering many years of hardship. Interestingly, a painting unveiled in Holland in 2016 has made headlines around the world because it looks as if it was painted by a famous 17th-century Dutch artist.

1. ____________________________________________________________

   It is, in fact, a brand new painting that uses technology to mimic his technique so perfectly that it could easily be mistaken for one created by the great artist himself. The clever forgery, called the ‘Next Rembrandt’, took 18 months to complete and is the result of a collaboration between computer experts and art experts. The team collected data from the Dutch artist’s 346 known paintings to help them imitate as closely as possible his technique, choice of color, structure, texture, and topic. They used facial recognition software and a unique computer program to analyze the individual features of his style. 

2. ______________________________________________________________

   The computer needed as much data as possible to enable it to mimic the artist’s work accurately. Rembrandt painted a large number of portraits, many of which were of men with mustaches wearing black suits with white collars 3. ___________________ They decided that the ‘Next Rembrandt’ would be a portrait of a white male between 30 and 40 years old, wearing black clothes, a white-collar, and a hat.

4. ____________________________________________________________

   The special software system that the team had designed gathered information about Rembrandt’s style based on his use of geometry, the way he placed the objects and people concerning one another in his paintings, and his choice of paint colors. The data was used to generate the facial features for the ‘Next Rembrandt’. The individual elements were put together to form the face and the chest in the same proportions as the original paintings created by the Dutch artist.

5. ____________________________________________________________

   When this had been done, a 3D printer was used to bring the ‘Next Rembrandt’ to life. Comprising 148 million pixels and 13 layers of ultra-violet ink, the ‘painting’ is a clever forgery that looks exactly like an original Rembrandt, at least to the untrained eye. The goal of the project was to start a discussion about how data and technology could become an essential part of the art world. The project was not universally popular and did receive some criticism 6. _______________________________________ They aimed to ensure that the ‘Next Rembrandt’ would be a masterpiece, one that even the famous Dutch artist would be proud of, and they seem to have succeeded.

+ ANSWER:

A. However, many art historians, including Rembrandt experts, were incredibly supportive.

B. Once the subject had been determined, the next stage of the process could begin.

C. These included details like painting strokes, the artist’s preferred angle, and so on.

D. As a result, they actually considered giving up on it at this point.

E. The team then used technology to add depth and texture to their image.

F. The authentic-looking masterpiece is not the work of Rembrandt, though.

G. For this reason, the team settled on creating something similar.

• You are going to read a short text. Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from line sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1 - 3).

                                                                              Volunteer tourism

It is hard to argue that the actual contribution to development amounts to a great deal directly. (1) __________, they have usually paid a significant fee for the opportunity to be involved in this work: money that, if donated to a local community directly, could potentially pay for a greater amount of labor than the individual volunteer could ever hope to provide. (2) __________. Hence, it is unsurprising that many academic studies allude to the moral issue of whether gap year volunteering is principally motivated by altruism – a desire to benefit the society visited – or whether young people aim to generate ‘cultural capital’ which benefits them in their careers. (3) __________.

SENTENCES:

A. Whilst volunteer tourists can get involved in building homes or schools

B. At its worst, international volunteering can be imperialist

C. Yet it also bypasses the democratic imperative of representative government and reduces development to individual acts of charity

D. However, if volunteering is largely limited to individuals of means from wealthier areas of the world

E. This is especially so in the case of gap years, in which the level of technical skill or professional experience required of volunteers is negligible

F. However, where volunteer tourism is talked up as sustainable development and the marketing of the gap-year companies merges into development thinking

G. However, the projects may play a role in developing people who will, in the course of their careers and lives, act ethically in favor of those less well-off