Câu 1:

a. PTHH: MgCl₂ + HCl ---x--->

CaCO₃ + 2HCl ---> CO₂↑ + H₂O + CaCl₂ (1)

b. Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{CO_2}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Đổi 400ml = 0,4 lít

=> \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,4}=1,5M\)

c. PTHH: HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H₂O (2)

Vậy chất tác dụng với nước bắp cải tím là NaCl (muối ăn.)

Vậy dung dịch sau phản ứng làm nước bắp cải tím thành màu xam lam đậm.

Câu 2:

a. PTHH: CuO + H₂SO₄ ---> CuSO₄ + H₂O

b. Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{100}.100\%=19,6\%\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=19,6\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)

Vậy H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(m_{dd_{CuSO_4}}=8+100=108\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{16}{108}.100\%=14,81\%\)

Na 2 CO 3  + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H 2 O + CO 2

n khi = n CO 2  = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02 mol;  n HCl  = 0,02.2/1 = 0,04 mol

C M  = n/V = 0,04/0,02 = 2M

Vì :

NaCl không tác dụng HCL

=>Na2CO3 tác dụng với HCL

\(PTHH:Na2CO3+2HCL\rightarrow2NaCL+CO2+H2O\)

................0,04...............0,08...........0,08..............0,04...............(mol)

Ta có :

\(n_{CO2}=\frac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

a,

\(\Rightarrow CM_{HCL}=\frac{0,08}{0,2}=-,4\left(M\right)\)

b,

\(m_{Na2CO3}=0,04.106=4,24g\)

\(m_{NaCl}=10-4,24=5,76g\)

\(\%mNa2CO3=\frac{4,24}{10}=42,4\%\)

\(\%mNaCl=400\%-42,4\%=57,6\%\)

c,

\(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,08.58,5=4,68g\)

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\\%m_{Cu}=53,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Cu không phản ứng

\(nH_2=nFe=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

\(\rightarrow mFe=0,1.56=5,6gam\)

\(\rightarrow\%mFe=\dfrac{5,6}{12}.100\%=46,\left(6\right)\%\)

\(\rightarrow\%mCu=100\%-46,\left(6\right)\%=53,\left(3\right)\%\)

c)

\(CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{0,2}=1M\)

a Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2

nH2= 2,24 /22,4=0,1 mol

nFe=nH2=0,1 mol

mFe=0,1.56=5.6 g

mCu=12-5,6=6,4g

%mfe=5,6/12 .100%=46,67

%mCu=100%-46,67%=53,33%

n HCl=0,05 mol

CM ddHCl= 0,2/0,2=1M

PTHH\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)

tl............1................2.............2.............1.............1..(mol

br     0,1.................0,2......................................0,1(mol)

NaCl không phản ứng đc vsHCl

b)\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{MHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)(đổi 400ml=0,4(l))

c)\(Tacom_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1.106=10,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{20}.100=53\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%mNaCl=100\%-53\%=47\%\)

Fe+2HCl->FeCl₂+H₂

0,125--0,25---0,125-0,125

m _HCl=9,125 g=>n _HCl=\(\dfrac{9,125}{26,5}\)=0,25 mol

=>m Fe=0,125.56=7g

=>V_H2=0,125.22,4=2,8l

=>C%_FeCl2=\(\dfrac{0,125.127}{7+182,5-0,25}\).100=8,388%