phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử :
a.9x2-3x+2y-4y2
b.3x2-6xy+3y2-5x+5y
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử rồi tính giá trị đa thức:
a) A = 9x2 + 15x + 6xy + y2 + 5y biết 3x + y = 0
b) B = 25x2 – y4 – 5x + y2
Lời giải:
a. $A=9x^2+15x+6xy+y^2+5y=(9x^2+6xy+y^2)+(15x+5y)$
$=(3x+y)^2+5(3x+y)=0^2+5.0=0$
b. $25x^2-y^4-5x+y^2=(25x^2-y^4)-(5x-y^2)=(5x-y^2)(5x+y^2)-(5x-y^2)$
$=(5x-y^2)(5x+y^2-1)$
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử :
a) 3x2-6xy+3y2-12x2
b) 3x2y2-6x2y3+12x2y2
c) 3x2-3y2+12x-12y
a) \(3x^2-6xy+3y^2-12x^2=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-12x^2=3\left(x-y\right)^2-12x^2=3\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4x^2\right]=3\left(x-y-2x\right)\left(x-y+2x\right)=3\left(-x-y\right)\left(3x-y\right)\)
b)\(3x^2y^2-6x^2y^3+12x^2y^2=3x^2y^2\left(1-2y+4\right)=3x^2y^2\left(5-2y\right)\)
c) \(3x^2-3y^2+12x-12y=3\left(x^2-y^2\right)+12\left(x-y\right)=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+4\right)\)
a: \(3x^2-6xy+3y^2-12x^2\)
\(=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4x^2\right)\)
\(=3\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4x^2\right]\)
\(=3\left(x-y-2x\right)\left(x-y+2x\right)\)
\(=3\left(-x-y\right)\left(3x-y\right)\)
b: \(3x^2y^2-6x^2y^3+12x^2y^2\)
\(=3x^2y^2\left(1-2y+4\right)\)
\(=3x^2y^2\left(-2y+5\right)\)
c: Ta có: \(3x^2-3y^2+12x-12y\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+12\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+4\right)\)
Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử: 3x2 + 6xy + 3y2 – 3z2
3x2 + 6xy + 3y2 – 3z2
= 3.(x2 + 2xy + y2 – z2)
(Nhận thấy xuất hiện x2 + 2xy + y2 là hằng đẳng thức nên ta nhóm với nhau)
= 3[(x2 + 2xy + y2) – z2]
= 3[(x + y)2 – z2]
= 3(x + y – z)(x + y + z)
Phân tích đa thức
3x2 + 6xy + 3y2 thành nhân tử có kết quả là
\(3x^2+6xy+3y^2=3\cdot\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)=3\cdot\left(x+y\right)^2\)
3x^2 - 6xy + 3y^2
=3.(x^2 - 2xy + y^2)
=3.(x - y)^2
Bài 9: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
1, 5x2 – 10xy + 5y2 – 20z2 2, 16x – 5x2 – 3 3, x2 – 5x + 5y – y2 | 4, 3x2 – 6xy + 3y2 – 12z2 5, x2 + 4x + 3 6, (x2 + 1)2 – 4x2 7, x2 – 4x – 5
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1.\(=5\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=5\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(2z\right)^2\right]=5\left(x+y-2z\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
2. \(=\left(-5x^2+15x\right)+\left(x-3\right)=-5x\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)=\left(1-5x\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
3. \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
4.\(=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=3\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(2z\right)^2\right]=3\left(x-y-2z\right)\left(x-y+2z\right)\)
5. \(=\left(x^2+x\right)+\left(3x+3\right)=x\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
6. \(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
7. \(=\left(x^2+x\right)-\left(5x+5\right)=x\left(x+1\right)-5\left(x+1\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(1,=5\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4z^2\right]=5\left(x-y-2z\right)\left(x-y+2z\right)\\ 2,=-5x^2+15x+x-3=\left(x-3\right)\left(1-5x\right)\\ 3,=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\\ 4,=3\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4z^2\right]=3\left(x-y-2z\right)\left(x-y+2z\right)\\ 5,=x^2+x+3x+3=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ 6,=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2\\ 7,=x^2+x-5x-5=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
Bài 1: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a) x2 -2x -y2 +2y
b) 2x +2y -x2 -xy
c) 3x2 -6xy +3y2 -12z2
d) x2 -25 +y2 +2xy
a) x2-2x-y2+2y
=(x2-y2)-(2x-2y)
=(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)
=(x-y)(x+y-2)
d) x2-25+y2+2xy
=(x2+y2+2xy)-52
=(x+y)2-52
=(x+y+5)(x+y-5)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử a.3x²-6x+9x². B.3x²+5y-3xs-5x C.3y²-3z²+3x²+6xy. D.x²-25-2xy+y2
\(a,3x^2-6x+9x^2=12x^2-6x=6x\left(2x-1\right)\\ b,3x^2+5y-3xy-5x=\left(3x^2-3xy\right)-\left(5x-5y\right)=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x-5\right)\\ c,3y^2-3z^2+3x^2+6xyz=3\left(y^2-z^2+x^2+2xyz\right)\\ d,x^2-25-2xy+y^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-5^2=\left(x-y-5\right)\left(x-y+5\right)\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) 3x2 + xy - 4y2
b) x8 - 5x4 + 4
c) x3 + 3x2 + 3x - 7
Lời giải:
a.
$3x^2+xy-4y^2=(3x^2-3xy)+(4xy-4y^2)=3x(x-y)+4y(x-y)=(x-y)(3x+4y)$
b.
$x^8-5x^4+4=(x^8-x^4)-(4x^4-4)$
$=x^4(x^4-1)-4(x^4-1)=(x^4-1)(x^4-4)$
$=(x^2-1)(x^2+1)(x^2-2)(x^2+2)$
$=(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+1)(x-\sqrt{2})(x+\sqrt{2})(x^2+2)$
c.
$x^3+3x^2+3x-7=(x^3+3x^2+3x+1)-8$
$=(x+1)^3-2^3=(x+1-2)[(x+1)^2+2(x+1)+4]$
$=(x-1)(x^2+4x+7)$
a) \(3x^2+xy-4y^2=3x^2-3xy+4xy-4y^2\)
\(=3x(x-y)+4y(x-y)=(3x+4y)(x-y)\)
b)\(x^8-5x^4+4=x^8-x^4-4x^4+4\)
\(=x^2(x^4-1)-4(x^4-1)=(x^2-4)(x^4-1)\)
\(=(x-2)(x+2)(x^2-1)(x^2+1)=(x-2)(x+2)(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+1)\)
c)\(x^3+3x^2+3x-7=x^3+3x^2+3x+1-8\)
\(\left(x+1\right)^3-\sqrt{2}^3=\left(x+1-\sqrt[]{2}\right)\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+2\sqrt{2}x+2\right)\)
a: \(3x^2+xy-4y^2\)
\(=3x^2+4xy-3xy-4y^2\)
\(=x\left(3x+4y\right)-y\left(3x+4y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x+4y\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
b: \(x^8-5x^4+4\)
\(=x^8-x^4-4x^4+4\)
\(=x^4\left(x^4-1\right)-4\left(x^4-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^4-4\right)\left(x^4-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\)