Cho dãy số \(\left(x_n\right)^{+\infty}_{n=1}\) như sau: \(x_1=a>2\) và
\(x_{n+1}=x_n^2-2,\forall n=1,2,...\)
Tìm \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\dfrac{1}{x_1}+\dfrac{1}{x_1x_2}+\dfrac{1}{x_1x_2x_3}+...+\dfrac{1}{x_1x_2...x_n}\right)\)
Xét dãy số \(\left\{x_n\right\}^{+\infty}_{n=1}\) như sau: \(x_1=1\) và với mọi \(n=1,2,...\) thì
\(x_{n+1}=\dfrac{\left(2+\cos\alpha\right)x_n+\cos^2\alpha}{\left(2-2\cos2\alpha\right)x_n+2-2\cos2\alpha}\),
trong đó \(\alpha\) là một tham số thực. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của \(\alpha\) để dãy số \(\left\{y_n\right\}\), với \(y_n=\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{2x_k+1},\forall n=1,2,...\) có giới hạn hữu hạn khi \(n\rightarrow+\infty\). Hãy tìm giới hạn của dãy số \(\left\{y_n\right\}\) trong các trường hợp đó.
Ta có xn luôn dương
Ta có \(2x_n+1=\) \(2\times\dfrac{\left(2+cos\alpha\right)x_n+cos^2\alpha}{\left(2-2cos2\alpha\right)x_n+2-cos2\alpha}+1=\)
\(=\dfrac{6x_n+2cos^2\alpha+2-cos2\alpha}{\left(2-2cos2\alpha\right)x_n+2-cos2\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{6x_n+2cos^2\alpha+2sin^2a+1}{\left(2x_n+1\right)\left(1-cos2\alpha\right)+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(2x_n+1\right)}{2\sin^2\alpha\left(2x_n+1\right)+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x_{n+1}+1}=\dfrac{2\sin^2\alpha\left(2x_n+1\right)+1}{3\left(2x_n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2\sin^2\alpha+\dfrac{1}{2x_n+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x_{n+1}+1}-\sin^2\alpha=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2x_n+1}-\sin^2\alpha\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x_{n+1}+1}-\sin^2\alpha=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^n\left(\dfrac{1}{2x_1+1}-\sin^2\alpha\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^n\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\sin^2\alpha\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y_n=\sum\limits^{n-1}_{i=0}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^i\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\sin^2\alpha\right)+n\sin^2\alpha\)
\(=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{1}{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\sin^2\alpha\right)+n\sin^2\alpha\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^n\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\sin^2\alpha\right)+n\sin^2\alpha\)
Do đó để yn có giới hạn hữu hạn khi \(n\sin^2\alpha\) có giới hạn hữu hạn \(\Leftrightarrow\sin^2\alpha=0\Leftrightarrow\sin\alpha=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\alpha=k\pi\left(k\inℤ\right)\)
Lúc đó \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}y_n=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(x_n\right)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=2\\x_{n+1}=\dfrac{x_n+2+\sqrt{x_n^2+8x_n-4}}{2},n\in N,n>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(y_n=\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{x_n^2-4}\). Tìm lim yn
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=1\\x_{n+1}=\sqrt{x_n\left(x_n+1\right)\left(x_n+2\right)\left(x_n+3+1\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\). Đặt \(\dfrac{y_n}{x_n}=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{1}{x_i+2}\). Tìm lim \(y_n\)
Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}x_n\) :
a) \(x_n=\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2+1}+\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt[3]{n^3+n}-n}\)
b) \(x_n\left(n-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-4n}{2n^2}\right)\)
Tính giới hạn sau:
1) \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{1}{n^3}\left(1+2^2+...+\left(n-1\right)^2\right)\)
2) \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{1}{n}[\left(x+\dfrac{a}{n}\right)+\left(x+\dfrac{2a}{n}\right)+...+\left(x+\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)a}{n}\right)]\)
3) \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{1^3+2^3+...+n^3}{n^4}\)
1.
Trước hết bạn nhớ công thức:
$1^2+2^2+....+n^2=\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$ (cách cm ở đây: https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/tinh-tongs-122232n2.83618073020)
Áp vào bài:
\(\lim\frac{1}{n^3}[1^2+2^2+....+(n-1)^2]=\lim \frac{1}{n^3}.\frac{(n-1)n(2n-1)}{6}=\lim \frac{n(n-1)(2n-1)}{6n^3}\)
\(=\lim \frac{(n-1)(2n-1)}{6n^2}=\lim (\frac{n-1}{n}.\frac{2n-1}{6n})=\lim (1-\frac{1}{n})(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{6n})\)
\(=1.\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
2.
\(\lim \frac{1}{n}\left[(x+\frac{a}{n})+(x+\frac{2a}{n})+...+(x.\frac{(n-1)a}{n}\right]\)
\(=\lim \frac{1}{n}\left[\underbrace{(x+x+...+x)}_{n-1}+\frac{a(1+2+...+n-1)}{n} \right]\)
\(=\lim \frac{1}{n}[(n-1)x+a(n-1)]=\lim \frac{n-1}{n}(x+a)=\lim (1-\frac{1}{n})(x+a)\)
\(=x+a\)
3.
Trước tiên ta có công thức:
$1^3+2^3+....+n^3=(1+2+3+...+n)^2=\frac{n^2(n+1)^2}{4}$
Chứng minh: https://diendantoanhoc.org/topic/81694-t%C3%ADnh-t%E1%BB%95ng-s-13-23-33-n3/
Khi đó:
\(\lim \frac{1^3+2^3+...+n^3}{n^4}=\lim \frac{n^2(n+1)^2}{4n^4}\\ =\lim \frac{(n+1)^2}{4n^2}=\frac{1}{4}\lim (1+\frac{1}{n})^2=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)
Cho dãy (un) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=\dfrac{1}{2}\\u_n=\dfrac{\sqrt{u_{n-1}^2+4u_{n-1}}+u_{n-1}}{2}\forall n\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tinh \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\dfrac{1}{u_1^2}+\dfrac{1}{u_2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{u_n^2}\right)\)
1) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}\)
2) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}\right)\)
3) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}\right)\)
\(1,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{n^2}{n^4}+\dfrac{2n}{n^4}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{3n^4}{n^4}+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n^2}+\dfrac{2}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)=\dfrac{-lim\dfrac{1}{n^2}+2lim\dfrac{1}{n^3}+lim\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{0}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}=0\)
\(2,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4n}{n^2}-\sqrt{\dfrac{16n^2}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{n}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{lim\left(\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy giới hạn \(\left(2\right)\) không xác định.
\(3,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}\right)\left(3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}=\dfrac{\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}}{\dfrac{2}{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{2lim\dfrac{1}{n}}=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy \(lim\left(3\right)\) không xác định.
Tìm các số x1, x2, ...xn-1, xn biết \(\dfrac{x_1}{a_1}=\dfrac{x_2}{a_2}=...=\dfrac{x_{n-1}}{a_{n-1}}=\dfrac{x_n}{a_n}\) và \(x_1+x_2+...+x_n=c\) \(\left(a_1\ne0,...,a_n\ne0;a_1+a_2+...+a_n\ne0\right)\)
1) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{3^n-4^{n+1}}{3^{n+2}+4^n}\right)\)
2) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{3^n-4.2^{n+1}-3}{3.2^n+4^n}\right)\)
3) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{2-5^{n-2}}{3^n+2.5^n}\right)\)
3:
\(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{2-5^{n-2}}{3^n+2\cdot5^n}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5^n}-\dfrac{5^{n-2}}{5^n}}{\dfrac{3^n}{5^n}+2\cdot\dfrac{5^n}{5^n}}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5^n}-\dfrac{1}{25}}{\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^n+2\cdot1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{25}:2=-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
1:
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3^n-4^n\cdot4}{3^n\cdot9+4^n}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{3^n}{4^n}-4}{3^n\cdot\dfrac{9}{4^n}+1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{4}{1}=-4\)