*Tìm min:

\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{1}{1-a}-1+\dfrac{1}{1-b}-1\)

\(\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(1-a\right)+\left(1-b\right)}-2\)

\(=\dfrac{4}{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{4}\). Do đó minP=2/3

*Tìm max: \(a,b\ge0\)

\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{a-ab+b-ab}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{1-\left(a+b\right)+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+ab\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}-2\le\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right),\left(\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\)

Vậy maxP=1

1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}\ge\frac{0-1}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu \(=\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\end{cases}}\), chẳng hạn \(c=0,a=-b=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\). 

Ta có : \(1\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3}\)

\(< =>ab+bc+ca\le1\)

Dấu "=" tự tìm nhaaaaa

\(a^3+a^3+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3.a^3.1}=3a^2\)

Tương tự: \(2b^3+1\ge3b^2\) ; \(2c^3+1\ge3c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)

\(A_{min}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Lại có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c\ge0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2\left(a-\sqrt{3}\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^3\le\sqrt{3}a^2\)

Tương tự: \(b^3\le\sqrt{3}b^2\) ; \(c^3\le\sqrt{3}c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)

\(A_{max}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và các hoán vị

Ta có :  \(\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{a^2+a-a^2}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)}{a+1}-\frac{a^2}{a+1}=a-\frac{a^2}{a+1}\)

Tương tự và cộng theo vế ta được : \(P=a+b+c-\left(\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\right)\)

\(=1-\left(\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\right)\ge1-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=1-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)Vậy GTNN của P = 3/4 đạt được khi a=b=c=1/3

Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 3 số thực dương ta có :

\(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2bb^2cc^2a}=3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3c^3}=3abc\)

Khi đó :\(P\ge3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(abc\right)\)

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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:

\(2P=\left(2a+2\right)\left(2b+1\right)\le\dfrac{\left(2a+2+2b+1\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left[2\left(a+b\right)+3\right]^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(2.2+3\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{49}{4}\)\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{49}{8}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\2a+2=2b+1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{4}\\b=\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(MaxP=\dfrac{49}{8}\), đạt tại \(a=\dfrac{3}{4};b=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

Ta có: \(P=\left(a+1\right)\left(2b+1\right)=2ab+a+2b+1=2ab+b+3=b\left(2a+1\right)+3\ge0.\left(2a+1\right)+3=3\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=2;b=0\)

Vậy \(MinP=3\), đạt tại \(a=2;b=0\)