7. Look at the highlighted examples of non-defining relative clauses in the text. Circle the correct words below. 

(Nhìn vào các ví dụ được tô sáng về mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định trong văn bản. Khoanh tròn các từ đúng dưới đây.)

LEARN THIS! Non-defining relative clauses

a. In non-defining relative clauses, we use who, which, where and whose, but we do not use that.

b. A non-defining relative clause: 

comes immediately (1) before / after a noun and gives us information about that noun.

adds extra information to the sentence; the sentence (2) makes sense / does not make sense without it.

(3) has / doesn't have a comma at the start. It has a comma or a full stop at the end.

Exercise 1. Check the meanings of the words in the box and match them with pictures 1-9. Then complete the text with the correct words.

(Kiểm tra nghĩa của các từ trong khung và nối chúng với bức tranh 1-9. Sau đó hoàn thành văn bản với các từ đúng.)

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals with backbones. The following groups are the different types of vertebrates.

Fish

Fish are cold blooded animals and they live in water. They have got scales and (1)………… . They haven't got lungs. They have got (2)………… instead.

Mammals

All mammals are warm-blooded and they feed their babies milk. Most mammals live on land, for example, humans and dogs. However, some mammals, like whales, live in water, but they haven't got gills. Mammals have all got (3)………… .

Birds

Birds live on land, but some of them look for food in the water. They have got (4)………… , two legs

and two (5)………… . Some birds, like ostriches and kiwis, can't fly. All birds lay eggs.

Amphibians

When amphibians are young, they live in water and they haven't got lungs. When they are adult, they have got lungs and four (6)………… - for example, frogs and toads.

Reptiles

Most reptiles live on land. They have got lungs and (7)………… but not gills. They haven't got any wings or feathers and they haven't got any (8)………… . They are cold blooded animals and many of them live in warm places.

6. Complete the text with the phrases below. Use the past perfect.

(Hoàn thành văn bản với các cụm từ bên dưới. Sử dụng quá khứ hoàn hảo.) 

buy his ticket; not check the numbers; lose; lost his ticket; with the lottery; take the lottery company

When Martyn Tott learned that he (1) _____, he was, of course, delighted. He (2) _____ months earlier at his local newsagents. He (3) _____ at the time, but he knew he was the winner because he always chose the same six numbers. But there was a problem. He (4) _____! Martyn Tott’s computer records proved that he was the winner, but the lottery company refused to pay him without a ticket. Two years later, he was almost penniless. He (5) _____ to, court, but (6) _____ the battle. He said he wished he had never played the lottery!

2. Complete the text with the past continuous form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng quá khứ tiếp diễn của các động từ bên dưới.)

get   make   put   shine   sing   talk

It was a beautiful morning. The sun (1) _____ and the birds (2) _____. We (3) _____ ready to go to the beach. Dad (4) _____ our bags in the car and Mum and Tom (5) _____ sandwiches in the kitchen. I (6) _____ to my friend on the phone.

Study the plural forms below. Then complete rules a-f in the Learn this! box with the correct endings. Then match each spelling variation (g-i) with one of the nouns below.

6. Complete the text below with compound nouns from exercise 3.

(Hoàn thành văn bản dưới đây với các danh từ ghép từ bài tập 3.)

When you arrive at the airport, go to the (1) _____. The clerk will check in your luggage and might ask if you want an aisle seat or a (2) _____. He or she will give you a (3) _____. Show your passport at (4) _____. You will also have to go through a (5) _____, where they X-ray your (6) _____.  Then you reach the (7) _____, where there are duty-free shops. You can find your flight on the departures board by looking at the (8) _____ or the departure time. When they announce your flight, go to the gate.

Lời giải chi tiết:

When you arrive at the airport, go to the (1) check-in desk. The clerk will check in your luggage and might ask if you want an aisle seat or a (2) window seat. He or she will give you a (3) boarding pass. Show your passport at (4) passport control. You will also have to go through a (5) security check, where they X-ray your (6) hand luggage.  Then you reach the (7) departure lounge, where there are duty-free shops. You can find your flight on the departures board by looking at the (8) flight number or the departure time. When they announce your flight, go to the gate.

6. Complete the job-related collocations from the texts using the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành các cụm từ liên quan đến công việc từ các văn bản bằng cách sử dụng các động từ bên dưới.)

join; look; notice; offer; send; take

Collocations: jobs

1. _____ for a job 

2. _____ an advertisement 

3. _____ in an application 

4 _____ somebody a job

5 _____ a team

6 _____ a day off

IV. Read the text below. Complete the gaps (1-3) with appropriate words A-F from the box to obtain a
grammatically and lexically correct text. Fill in the gaps with appropriate letters. There are three
extra words that do not match any of the gaps.

A. invented

B. designed

C. discovered

D. planned

E. first

F. early

CALENDARS
These days, everybody uses calendars to note important dates like birthdays, but when did we start
measuring time?
Until recently, experts believed that people in the Near East made the 1) ………………..……. calendar
5,000 years ago. However, they then 2) ………………..……. an ancient site in Scotland from over
10,000 years ago. At the site, there were 12 holes in the ground. Scientists think that people
3) ………………..……. them to track the movement of the Moon and measure time. It’s an exciting discovery because it shows that people had calendars many centuries ago.

2. Read the text about the World Bank. Circle the correct words to complete the text.

(Đọc văn bản về Tổ chức Ngân hàng Thế giới. Khoanh tròn các từ đúng để hoàn thành văn bản.)

The World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial organisation founded (1) _____ 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference. It is closely (2) _____ to the United Nations and its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C. The bank currently has over 9.000 employees working in (3) _____ than 100 representative offices worldwide. It is made up of two institutions: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA). Each has its own role in improving the (4) ____ standards of people in low-income countries. 

As a member, Viet Nam (5) _____ a strong relationship with the World Bank. Most projects and programmes funded by the World Bank for Viet Nam have focused mainly on areas such as agriculture, energy, transport. health, education, banking and finance. These programmes and projects have (6) _____ contributed to Viet Nam's development.

1. a. at                      b. in                     c. on

2. a. connected        b. link                   c. relative

3. a. little                   b. more               c. few

4. a. live                    b. life                   c. living

5. a. has                    b. gets                 c. takes

6. a. effect                 b. effective          c. effectively